Publication: Der Künstler um die Jahrhundertwende als ein “Bürger auf Irrwegen”: Die Münchner Moderne in Thomas Manns Frühwerk auf der Suche nach ihrer Identität
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Die von Krisen gekennzeichnete Umbruchphase gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts brachte gesellschaftliche wie auch
kulturelle Umwälzungen mit sich. Die Hinterfragung der Grundbausteine, die die bürgerliche Gesellschaft
zusammenstellten, hatte zufolge, dass das Bürgertum sich selbst auf den Grund ging und somit sein eigenes Wesen zu
beleuchten versuchte. Diese Hinterfragung, die auch als Identitätskrise des Bürgertums zu bezeichnen ist, spiegelt sich in
den Literaturwerken, die insbesondere zwischen 1870-1914 entstanden sind, wieder. Thomas Manns Frühwerk beinhaltet
die Identitätskrise des Bürgertums und richtet das Hauptaugenmerk auf den Künstler. Seine Novelle Gladius Dei (1902)
thematisiert das Zusammentreffen eines Bürgers und einem ausgefallenen Kunstwerk und reflektiert die tragische Situation des Künstlers. Der Künstler, der selbst ein Bestandteil des Bürgertums ist, versucht sich während des tiefgreifenden
Umbruchs von den gesellschaftlichen Bindungen weitestgehend zu lösen. Dabei ist der Künstler ebenfalls Angehöriger des
Bürgertums, das er für verwerflich hält. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Novelle Gladius Dei mit der Absicht, von der
widersprüchlichen Lage des Künstlers im Werk ausgehend die Lage der Münchner Moderne im oben beschriebenen
Zusammenhang näher zu betrachten. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es aufzuzeigen, dass Gladius Dei eine verdeckte Kritik an
der Kunstszene in und um München übt. Zu diesem Zweck wird in diesem Artikel die Darstellung des Künstlers und der
sogenannten Münchner Moderne in Gladius Dei diskutiert, wobei der Fokus auf der Beziehung zwischen dem Künstler und
der Gesellschaft, an die sich das Kunstwerk richtet, liegen wird.
The turn of the 20th century was affected by the process of modernization: new areas of production emerged which coincided with deepening financial crises. This especially affected the nature of the bourgeois life at the time, and caused unique social and cultural transformation. This profound changing process resulted in the questioning of the basic elements that had made up the bourgeois society. In effect, the period ended with the “burgher” trying to illuminate his own nature and to redefine himself. This situation has also been referred to as “the identity crisis of the individual citizen”, which can be seen as a major topic in the literary works published from 1870 to 1914. The early stories of Thomas Mann examine the issues arising from these identity crises, particularly regarding the new bourgeois man. In this context, importantly, Mann mostly concentrated on the lives and problems of artists. His novella Gladius Dei(1902) includes these important themes, such as confrontations of burghers, extraordinary artworks, and by that, it also reveals a tragic situation of an artist. The artist, who is part of bourgeois life himself, is trying to transcend his everyday life through art, and in so doing, aims to get rid of the banalities of social life. However, at the time, the artist as a member of the bourgeois society was also inevitably involved in the process of decadence, which society was going through. Against this background, this article analyzes Gladius Deiwith the intention of showing the situation in Munich’s modernist movement in the fin-de-siècle. In the context described above – starting from the contradictory position of the artist – the major aim of this study is to show that Gladius Deican be seen as an implicit criticism of the modernist circles of Munich.
The turn of the 20th century was affected by the process of modernization: new areas of production emerged which coincided with deepening financial crises. This especially affected the nature of the bourgeois life at the time, and caused unique social and cultural transformation. This profound changing process resulted in the questioning of the basic elements that had made up the bourgeois society. In effect, the period ended with the “burgher” trying to illuminate his own nature and to redefine himself. This situation has also been referred to as “the identity crisis of the individual citizen”, which can be seen as a major topic in the literary works published from 1870 to 1914. The early stories of Thomas Mann examine the issues arising from these identity crises, particularly regarding the new bourgeois man. In this context, importantly, Mann mostly concentrated on the lives and problems of artists. His novella Gladius Dei(1902) includes these important themes, such as confrontations of burghers, extraordinary artworks, and by that, it also reveals a tragic situation of an artist. The artist, who is part of bourgeois life himself, is trying to transcend his everyday life through art, and in so doing, aims to get rid of the banalities of social life. However, at the time, the artist as a member of the bourgeois society was also inevitably involved in the process of decadence, which society was going through. Against this background, this article analyzes Gladius Deiwith the intention of showing the situation in Munich’s modernist movement in the fin-de-siècle. In the context described above – starting from the contradictory position of the artist – the major aim of this study is to show that Gladius Deican be seen as an implicit criticism of the modernist circles of Munich.
Date
2018