School of Applied Sciences

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Open Access
Anacardium plants: chemical, nutritional composition and biotechnological applications
(MDPI, 2019-09) Salehi, B.; Gultekin-Ozgueven, M.; Kırkın, Celale; Ozcelik, B.; Bezerra Morais-Braga, M. F.; Pereira Carneiro, J. N.; Bezerra, C. F.; da Silva, T. G.; Melo Coutinho, H. D.; Amina, B.; Armstrong, L.; Selamoglu, Z.; Sevindik, M.; Yousaf, Z.; Sharifi-Rad, J.; Muddathir, A. M.; Devkota, H. P.; Martorell, M.; Jugran, A. K.; Martins, N.; Cho, W. C.; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; KIRKIN, Celale
Anacardium plants are native to the American tropical regions, and Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree) is the most recognized species of the genus. These species contain rich secondary metabolites in their leaf and shoot powder, fruits and other parts that have shown diverse applications. This review describes the habitat and cultivation of Anacardium species, phytochemical and nutritional composition, and their industrial food applications. Besides, we also discuss the secondary metabolites present in Anacardium plants which display great antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. These make the use of Anacardium species in the food industry an interesting approach to the development of green foods.
Open Access
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects of anacardium plants: An ethnopharmacological perspective
(Frontiers Media, 2020-06-12) Salehi, B.; Gultekin-Ozguven, M.; Kırkın, Celale; Ozcelik, B.; Morais-Braga, M. F. B.; Carneiro, J. N. P.; Bezerra, C. F.; Silva, T. G. D.; Coutinho, H. D. M.; Amina, B.; Armstrong, L.; Selamoglu, Z.; Sevindik, M.; Yousaf, Z.; Sharifi-Rad, J.; Muddathir, A. M.; Devkota, H. P.; Martorell, M.; Jugran, A. K.; Cho, W. C.; Martins, N.; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; KIRKIN, Celale
Anacardiumplants have received increasing recognition due to its nutritional and biological properties. A number of secondary metabolites are present in its leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant. Among the diverseAnacardiumplants' bioactive effects, their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities comprise those that have gained more attention. Thus, the present article aims to review the Anacardium plants' biological effects. A special emphasis is also given to their pharmacological and clinical efficacy, which may trigger further studies on their therapeutic properties with clinical trials.
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Anxiety and gratitude toward the organization: Relationships with error management culture and service recovery performance
(Elsevier, 2020-08) Wang, X. Y.; Guchait, P.; Paşamehmetoğlu, Ayşın; Hotel Management; PAŞAMEHMETOĞLU, Ayşın
According to affective events theory (AET), organizational contexts can produce "affective events" that shape individuals' emotional experiences, subsequently influencing those individuals' work behaviors. This study hypothesized that every time an error occurs in an error management culture, it is an affective event that can stimulate employees' gratitude and reduce their anxiety toward their respective organizations. Gratitude and anxiety are positively and negatively associated with employees' service recovery performance, respectively. Drawing on three waves of data collected from 218 hotel employees, this study found that error management culture was positively associated with gratitude and negatively associated with anxiety. Consequently, gratitude and anxiety influenced employees' service recovery performance, as rated by the employees' supervisors. These findings suggest that error management culture can influence employees' service recovery performance through the culture's impact on gratitude and anxiety.
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Assessing the validity and reliability of a questionnaire on dietary fibre-related knowledge in a Turkish student population
(ICDDR, 2013-12) Deniz, M. S.; Alsaffar, Ayten Aylin; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; ALSAFFAR, Ayten Aylin
This study aimed to validate a questionnaire on dietary fibre (DF)-related knowledge in a Turkish student population. Participants (n=360) were either undergraduate students who have taken a nutrition course for 14 weeks (n=174) or those in another group who have not taken such a nutrition course (n=186). Test-retest reliability, internal reliability, and construct validity of the questionnaire were determined. Overall internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.90) and test-retest reliability (0.90) were high. Significant differences (p<0.001) between the scores of the two groups of students indicated that the questionnaire had satisfactory construct validity. It was found that one-fifth of the students were unsure of the correct answer for any item, and 52.5% of them were not aware that DF had to be consumed on a daily basis. Only 36.4 to 44.2% of the students were able to correctly identify the food sources of DF.
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Body mass index, dietary intake and feeding problems of Turkish children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
(Elsevier, 2013-11) Bicer, A. H.; Alsaffar, Ayten Aylin; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; ALSAFFAR, Ayten Aylin
The body mass index of 164 children (aged 4–18 years) attending four autism rehabilitation centers in Istanbul, Turkey, was determined and assessed using the BMI-for-age percentile charts by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean intake of energy and nutrients of 115 children were calculated using three-day food records. The feeding assessment surveys filled in by the parents/caregivers indicated that the major feeding problem among children was food selectivity. The majority of the children were overweight or obese (58.5%). A total of 11% of children were found to be severely thin and thin. The calcium, zinc, vitamin B6 and folate intake of the majority of children were inadequate. The salt consumption in all age groups and cholesterol intake in normal, overweight and obese children were high.
Open Access
The challenge of constructing a unique online identity through an isomorphic social media presence
(University of Southern California, 2019) Atakan-Duman, S.; Paşamehmetoğlu, Ayşın; Bozaykut-Buk, T.; Hotel Management; PAŞAMEHMETOĞLU, Ayşın
Grounded in institutional theory for analyzing and differentiating isomorphic identity features, this study aims to analyze how foundation universities in the higher education field of Turkey use social media to construct their online identities. To determine the themes used by these universities for their online identity construction, secondary data were collected from the universities' social media accounts (Facebook and Twitter). Content analysis was conducted to identify the major themes and theme categories used by the foundation universities. Study results revealed that to construct a unique identity while embracing widely accepted industry practices, foundation universities concentrate their communication efforts mainly on public relations. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights from the higher education field into the challenge of constructing a unique identity while communicating similar identity elements so as to establish legitimacy through isomorphism. This study proposes that foundation universities communicate both distinctive identity elements through persuasion to be able to stay in competition and identity elements consistent with industry norms through mimetic and normative isomorphism to gain legitimacy.
Open Access
The challenge of constructing a unique online identity through an isomorphic social media presence
(USC Annenberg Press, 2019) Atakan-Duman, Ş.; Paşamehmetoğlu, Ayşın; Hotel Management; PAŞAMEHMETOĞLU, Ayşın
Grounded in institutional theory for analyzing and differentiating isomorphic identity features, this study aims to analyze how foundation universities in the higher education field of Turkey use social media to construct their online identities. To determine the themes used by these universities for their online identity construction, secondary data were collected from the universitie's social media accounts (Facebook and Twitter). Content analysis was conducted to identify the major themes and theme categories used by the foundation universities. Study results revealed that to construct a unique identity while embracing widely accepted industry practices, foundation universities concentrate their communication efforts mainly on public relations. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights from the higher education field into the challenge of constructing a unique identity while communicating similar identity elements so as to establish legitimacy through isomorphism. This study proposes that foundation universities communicate both distinctive identity elements through persuasion to be able to stay in competition and identity elements consistent with industry norms through mimetic and normative isomorphism to gain legitimacy.
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Characterization of silver Ions-doped organomodified nanoclays
(Springer, 2023-01) İlaslan, Kerem; Tornok, F.; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; İLASLAN, Kerem
In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) and halloysite nanoclays were organomodified with cationic surfactants N-cetyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDAC) to enhance intercalation characteristics. The organomodified nanoclay samples were doped with Ag+ ions in order to enhance antimicrobial properties, and their XRD, ATR-FTIR, ICP-MS, SEM, TEM, zeta potential, mean particle size, and in vitro Ag+ release properties were further investigated. The antibacterial activity of the Ag-doped organoclays was analyzed by broth dilution method as well as the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13,932) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 25,922 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14,028) bacterial strains. The surface load of the organomodified nanoclays changed to positive due to the cationic surfactants, and as a result of the XRD examinations, the interlayer space of the nanoclays increased. ATR-FTIR and ICP-MS analysis indicated that Ag+ ions successfully doped into the nanoclay structure. Also, MMT-type nanoclay samples released the Ag+ ions into the water medium more than halloysite-type nanoclay samples. Nanoclays organomodified by CTAB had an effective bactericidal effect on each bacterial strain than PDAC-modified nanoclays. Ag-doped nanoclays had MIC and MBC values varying from 0.6 to 5 mg/ml in the nutrient broth medium for all the bacterial strains. In conclusion, intercalated and Ag+-doped MMT and halloysite nanoclays were successfully prepared and effectively used for bacterial growth inhibition.
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The charity of war: Famine, humanitarian aid and world war I in the middle east
(Cambridge University Press, 2020-11) Ghosh, Candan Türkkan; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; Kolluoğlu, B.; Yükseker, D.; GHOSH, Candan Türkkan
N/A
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Clean foods, motherhood and alternative food networks in contemporary Istanbul
(Taylor & Francis, 2019-02-01) Ghosh, Candan Türkkan; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; GHOSH, Candan Türkkan
Since the early 2000s, the numbers of alternative food networks (AFNs) in Istanbul have increased significantly. Members are usually white collar, university educated, upper middle class Istanbulites who got into the AFNs during their (or their partner's) pregnancy. Contributing to an ongoing discussion about the exclusionary dynamics within the food movement, in this paper I trace the meanings these affluent mothers attach to "clean and fresh foods" and AFN participation-membership. Using evidence from semi-structured interviews, I argue that they link their identity as food activists and their identity as mothers, and they use motherhood discursively to distinguish themselves from others - particularly lower-class mothers who are not AFN members, and women who are AFN members, but are not mothers. Further reinforcing the socio-economic boundaries and hierarchies within (and beyond) the AFNs, these discourses on motherhood also undermine the expansive potential of the food movement in Turkey.
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Compensation practices in the lodging industry: Does top management pay affect corporate performance?
(Elsevier, 2014-04) Upneja, A.; Özdemir, Özgür; Hotel Management; ÖZDEMİR, Özgür
The current study examines the relationship between executive compensation and firm performance in the U.S. lodging industry. It is not clear-cut whether performance leads to compensation or compensation drives firm performance. Our contention is that cash and lagged equity-based compensation drive the firm performance. Our findings suggest that chief executive officer's (CEO) contemporaneous cash-compensation and one-year lagged equity-compensation positively affect the accounting performance measures return on assets and Tobin's Q; but neither compensation components affects the market-performance measure, stock returns, in the lodging industry. Quantitatively similar findings are found for the chief financial officer (CFO). Further robustness test show that further lags of equity compensation of both named executives do not result in increased stock performance in the lodging industry.
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Coping with RM challenges in hospitality education
(Springer International Publishing, 2017-10) Demirçiftçi, Tevfik; Cetin, G.; Bilgihan, A.; Hotel Management; DEMİRÇİFTÇİ, Tevfik
The success of the hospitality industry and development of RM as a profession depends on the quality of new candidates. However, formal hospitality and business education and training programs concerning pricing and RM are far from providing the maximum level of competency for an extensive RM career development. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the challenges of RM and to address the gaps in hospitality and tourism education. Further aims of the current research include suggesting some enhancements to RM curriculum. To answer research questions, an online survey was sent to 423 HSMAI members that are listed as revenue staff. A total of 34 RM challenges were identified. The most important RM challenges were (1) finding qualified revenue staff, (2) economic instability, (3) owner pressure on budget and prices, (4) unstable demand, and (5) competition. Formal RM education in tourism and hospitality might be improved under the light of the findings suggested in this study.
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Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development in the Mediterranean: The case of the Spanish hotel industry in the Barcelona region
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Paşamehmetoğlu, Ayşın; Gökoğlu, M. M.; Hotel Management; Tüzün, İ. K.; Ergül, M.; Johnson, C.; PAŞAMEHMETOĞLU, Ayşın
This chapter describes corporate social responsibility practices of hotels in Barcelona region in an aim to understand business perspectives on sustainable development in Mediterranean. From this standpoint, a case study analysis is developed regarding the progress in the implementation of CSR (corporate social responsibility) practices leading to sustainable development. Current literature on CSR in Spanish hotel industry lacks a clear understanding of perspectives businesses have towards sustainability. Specifically, examining CSR practices of hotels in Barcelona region allows us to describe the progress and problems in the field. In general, findings point out to an environmentalist perspective which traditionally dominates CSR practices in Spain. The hotel industry in Spain is raising its environmental consciousness and some specific environmental initiatives are being implemented. By explaining the dynamics of hotel industry and environment relations in Barcelona region, this chapter suggests a unique structure in Mediterranean where environmental solutions are dominated in CSR practices. Present studies in Spain with regard to sustainable development are lacking business perspectives towards environmental initiatives. This chapter aim to fill this gap by examining the CSR practices of hotels based on an environmentalist evaluation of Barcelona region.
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The cuisine of Istanbul between east and west during the 19th century
(Brill Academic Publishers, 2018) Samancı, Özge; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; SAMANCI, Özge
N/A
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Customer experience in five-star hotel businesses: is it an “experience” for customers?
(Turkey, 2023-08-15) Özgen, Hanım Kader Şanlıöz; Kozak, M.; Hotel Management; ÖZGEN, Hanım Kader Şanlıöz
Purpose: Concerning the development of “experience” as an economic phenomenon, this study aims to analyse customers' evaluations of their experiences in five-star hotel businesses and to identify if the hospitality experience is evaluated as an “experience” by its specific aspects. Design/methodology/approach: Structural and thematic narrative analyses in a multi-dimensional setting were applied to stories from 107 participants who stayed in five-star hotel businesses. Findings: Customers evaluate their overall experience as an “experience” reflected by experiential statements. However, they demonstrate higher cognitive orientation at the sub-experience levels (food and beverage, rooms, etc.). Research limitations/implications: The paper sheds light on the fact that customers may evaluate their experiences with cognitive and experiential aspects. The study focuses on participants' lived experiences to understand the customer perspective with the “experience” concept leading to the memorability of customer experiences in hotel businesses. Further research is required with a larger sample group, mixed-methods implementation and longitudinal and comparable examination to understand seasonal, motivational and cultural differences. Practical implications: The paper reveals various aspects of customer experiences in five-star hotel businesses around the variety of their offerings evaluated by cognitive and experiential perceptions so that dedicated efforts of the managers will be enhanced with a better and strategic understanding of the “experience” concept to achieve business goals. Originality/value: The study offers insightful findings relating to customers’ service- and experience-based experiences and how “experience” is perceived by customers from various angles in the five-star hotel businesses.
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Customer online reviews and hospitality employees’ helping behavior: moderating roles of self-efficacy and moral identity
(Emerald Group Publishing, 2021-07-06) Hwang, Y.; Wang, X.; Paşamehmetoğlu, Ayşın; Hotel Management; PAŞAMEHMETOĞLU, Ayşın
Purpose: Online reviews are perceived as credible and trustworthy across various business sectors; thus, they influence customers’ purchase decisions. However, the potential role of customer online reviews as feedback for employee performance and employee reactions to customer reviews remain largely unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study proposes that employee characteristics, namely, self-efficacy (Study 1) and moral identity (Study 2), moderate the effect of the valence of customer reviews on hospitality employees’ helping behavior. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used a scenario-based, quasi-experimental design in two studies. They recruited a total of 215 frontline employees at independent casual dining restaurants in Istanbul, Turkey (Study 1) and 226 US residents who have worked in the restaurant industry for more than six months (Study 2). Multiple linear regressions via PROCESS and moderation analysis via Johnson–Neyman technique were used. Findings: Study 1 demonstrates that when employees’ self-efficacy is low, positive (vs negative) customer reviews enhance employees’ helping behavior. By contrast, when employees’ self-efficacy is high, their helping behavior is invariantly high regardless of the valence of customer reviews. Study 2 reveals that when employees’ moral identity is low, their helping behavior decreases in the presence of negative (vs positive) customer reviews. Conversely, when employees’ moral identity is high, their helping behavior is similarly high regardless of the valence of customer reviews. Practical implications: Hospitality managers may need to develop training programs to enhance their employees’ self-efficacy and moral identity. They may also provide necessary organizational support to induce their employees’ self-efficacy and moral identity, given that such psychological resources help buffer the dampening effect of negative reviews on helping behavior. Last, hospitality managers may consider incorporating customer reviews as part of employee performance feedback. Originality/value: This study advances the understanding of employees’ responses to customer reviews, with the performance appraisal feedback framework as fresh theoretical lens. This study is among the first to demonstrate the relationship between the valence of customer reviews and subsequent helping behavior of employees toward customers. It also contributes to the emerging literature that identifies boundary conditions for employees’ responses to customer reviews.
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Development of polycaprolactone biodegradable films reinforced with silver-doped organoclay and effect on the microbiological quality of ground beef meat
(Wiley, 2022-10) İlaslan, Kerem; Tornuk, F.; Durak, M. Z.; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; İLASLAN, Kerem
In this work, a comparative study was held to obtain biodegradable antibacterial nanocomposite films using polycaprolactone (PCL) and silver-ion-doped organomodified halloysite (HNT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays. The PCL-based nanocomposite films (PNFs) were characterized in terms of thickness, mechanical, thermal, morphological, molecular, color, gas barrier, and antibacterial activity properties. The PNFs were also tested for enhancement of microbiological quality of ground beef. The addition of the Ag-doped nanoclays provided improved mechanical (tensile strength [TS] and elongation at break [EB]) and barrier (water vapor and oxygen permeability) properties in comparison to the pure PCL film. PNF formation increased the crystallization temperature (Tc) of pure PCL by about 1°C and decreased the crystallinity (Xc) from 44.8% to 41.3%. The PNFs exhibited strong in vitro antibacterial activity against the test pathogens and bacteriostatic effect on natural bacterial load of ground beef meat during the storage, thus providing it better microbiological quality. Novelty impact statement: This work focuses on the production and characterization of new packaging materials reinforced with silver-ion-doped halloysite and montmorillonite nanoclays and improving the microbial quality of ground beef meat by this material. PCL-based nanocomposite films reinforced with Ag-doped nanoclays had enhanced mechanical and barrier properties and gained in vitro antibacterial activity. Additionally, its antibacterial potential in food applications was demonstrated by the ground beef meat packaging studies.
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Dietary intake and physical activity levels of male adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal to high body mass index (BMI) – A case series study
(Elsevier, 2016-11) Bicer, A. H.; Alsaffar, Ayten Aylin; Gastronomy and Culinary Arts; ALSAFFAR, Ayten Aylin
Background and objectives The study aims to determine the daily energy and nutrient intake, eating behaviours and physical activity level of male adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal to high body mass index (BMI)-for-age and compares them with an age-, gender- and BMI- matched group consisting of typically developing adolescents. Methodology Anthropometric measures were taken from 118 male adolescents with ASD (12–18 years) and classified as normal-weight, overweight and obese according to BMI and 97 typically developing adolescents living in the same area. Participants completed a socio-demographic survey, feeding assessment survey, 24-h food recall and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results Nutritional assessment of the adolescents with ASD and typical development revealed similar prevalence of inadequacy for most nutrients. Dietary fibre, vitamin D, calcium and folate were the main nutrients that the adolescents were taking inadequately. Intake levels of nearly all micronutrients were insufficient. Both groups consumed excess amounts of sodium and cholesterol. Energy intake of the normal-weight adolescents with ASD was significantly less than the other BMI categories. Energy intake and physical activity level (and their interaction) were found to be related to the BMI of the adolescents with ASD. No other factors studied seemed to explain the changes in the BMI. Conclusions In terms of nutrient intake, male adolescents with ASD were not at a greater risk when compared to the typically developing counterparts. Diets of the both groups need to be improved. Meeting daily physical activity requirements could be as important as monitoring dietary intake in adolescents with ASD.
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The differential effects of leader Food safety priority and ethical leadership on food safety promotive and prohibitive voices: A socially desirable responding theory perspective
(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Yu, H.; Guchait, P.; Achyldurdyyeva, J.; Paşamehmetoğlu, Ayşın; Hotel Management; PAŞAMEHMETOĞLU, Ayşın
Studies on impact of different leadership styles on the promotive and prohibitive forms of food safety voices are limited. Therefore, drawing on socially desirable responding theory, this study examined the differential effects of leader food safety priority and ethical leadership on food handlers’ promotive and prohibitive forms of food safety voices. We found that leader food safety priority and ethical leadership influence employee voice through different mechanisms. Moreover, the indirect impact of leader food safety priority on promotive voices was stronger, while ethical leadership had a stronger indirect effect on prohibitive voice. Finally, leader–member exchange strengthened the indirect effects of leadership antecedents on both forms of food safety voices. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to food safety voice literature.
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Distance education at tourism higher education programs in developing countries: Case of Türkiye with a strategic perspective and recommendations
(Elsevier, 2023-06) Özgen, Hanım Kader Şanlıöz; Küçükaltan, E. G.; Hotel Management; ÖZGEN, Hanım Kader Şanlıöz
The COVID-19 pandemic was a critical and sudden happening for higher education institutions to adapt fast to changes and switch to distance education (DE). In addition to presenting several challenges and threats such as insufficient internet infrastructure and limited technology tools in developing countries, this sudden transition brought about some opportunities as well. This research focuses on the DE experiences of instructors in tourism-related higher education programs (THEP) and aims to propose a strategic view and recommendations based on instructors’ evaluations. Qualitative research methods are applied, and data is collected from 114 instructors via Google Forms. The originality of the research is based on the strategic view proposed by the application of SWOT and TOWS analyses. The proposed strategies are expected to help the preparation of effective educational, tactical, and operational plans by the regulatory authorities.

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