Psychology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10679/320

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Browsing by Subject "Ageism"

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    "Old oxen cannot plow": Stereotype themes of older adults in Turkish folklore
    (Oxford Publishing, 2015) Marcus, Justin; Sabuncu, Neslihan ; Undergraduate English Program; Psychology; MARCUS, Justin; SABUNCU, Ayşe Neslihan
    Purpose of the Study: Although much research has established the nature of attitudes and stereotypes toward older adults, there are conflicting explanations for the root cause of ageism, including the sociocultural view and interpersonal views, that age bias against older adults is uniquely a product of modernity and occurs through social interactions, and the evolutionary view and intraindividual views, that age bias against older adults is rooted in our naturally occurring and individually held fear of death. We make initial investigations into resolving this conflict, by analyzing literature from a society predating the Industrial Revolution, the society of Ottoman Turks. Design and Methods: Using Grounded Theory, we analyzed 1,555 Turkish fairy tales of the most well-known older adult in Turkish folklore, Nasreddin Hoca, for stereotype themes of older adults. Using the same method, we then analyzed 22,000+ Turkish say-ings and proverbs for the same themes. Results: Results indicated older adults to be viewed both positively and negatively. Positive stereotypes included wisdom, warmth, deserving of respect, and retirement. Negative stereotypes included incompetence, inadaptability, and frailty/nearing of death. Older females were viewed more negatively relative to older males. Implications: Results indicated views of older adults to parallel those found in contem-porary research. Results have implications for the design of interventions to reduce age-ism and on the cross-cultural generalizability of age-based stereotypes.
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    One size doesn't fit all: toward a theory on the intersectional salience of ageism at work
    (Sage, 2015) Marcus, Justin; Fritzsche, B. A.; Psychology; MARCUS, Justin
    Much of the research on the effects of age in the workplace has ignored the role of contextual factors, and the intersection of multiple group identities. In seeking to address these shortcomings, we provide a theoretical integration and review. First, we review the literature on contextual factors that determine age salience. We then provide a review of the major and competing theories on the consequences of multiple subordinate group status on work outcomes. Finally, we seek to integrate these multiple streams of thought into a unified framework, by identifying when and how competing aspects of group membership become salient, and the consequences of category membership constellations for various subgroups of older workers. A theoretical framework and accompanying propositions are presented.
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    ArticlePublicationOpen Access
    One too many categories: an experimental test on the effectiveness of a dual-identity recategorization intervention on age-based bias
    (Elsevier, 2014-12) Marcus, Justin; Fritzsche, B. A.; Psychology; MARCUS, Justin
    A laboratory experiment was conducted on a convenient sample of N = 724 introductory Psychology students from the southeastern United States, to test the effectiveness of a dual identity recategorization intervention when applied on age bias toward a hypothetical older adult, when applied on individuals both low and high on the spectrum of ageism, and when applied on members of the naturally occurring in-group, younger adults. As predicted by Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, the intervention served to worsen evaluations of an in-group target vis-à-vis a control group that was not exposed to the intervention, and especially when applied on individuals possessing lower amounts of the in-group bias in question, ageism. Moreover, although age-based stereotyping and in-group bias against an older applicant was demonstrated, the intervention was found to have no effect in changing evaluations of an older target relative to the control group. Results and implications for future research are discussed.
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    Validation of the work-related age-based stereotypes (WAS) scale
    (Emerald Group, 2016) Marcus, Justin; Fritzsche, B. A.; Le, H.; Reeves, M. D.; Psychology; MARCUS, Justin
    The purpose of this paper is to focus on developing and validating a multidimensional measure of work-related age-based stereotypes (WAS) scale. Based upon a review of the literature, a three-dimensional stereotype content model including both negative (incompetence, inadaptability) and positive (warmth) stereotypes of older workers was created. Construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity for the WAS scale were examined across three independent samples constituting both lab-based experimental studies and a field-based survey (total n=1,245). Across all samples, the WAS evidenced good construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity. As evidenced by a review of the literature, the WAS is unique in that it measures both negative and positive stereotypes of older workers. Implications for research are discussed.