Psychology
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EditorialPublication Metadata only The bright and dark sides of work life" TPD work and organizational psychology special issue(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2019) Sümer, Hayriye Canan; Göncü-Köse, A.; Toker, Y.; Ok, A. B.; Gökalp, A.; Mete, İpek; Demircioglu, Z. I.; Psychology; SÜMER, Hayriye CananN/AConference ObjectPublication Open Access Quality of Colombian early childhood education: An exploratory study of teacher-child interactions(Future Academy, 2019) Escalante, E.; Acar, İbrahim Hakkı; Suárez, S.; Raikes, H.; Psychology; ACAR, Ibrahim HakkıQuality of adult-child relationships could be influence by children's individual characteristics such as temperament. The examination of the association between temperament and teacher-child relationship has been limited within Latino population. Does regulatory temperament moderate the association between reactive temperament and teacher-child relationships in the Colombian early childhood education environment? Global research studies highlight the importance of quality of relationships to promote quality of early childhood education (ECE). Colombian ECE national evaluation reported association among teachers' interactions and child outcomes. From the ecological perspective, the present study aimed to examine how child temperament contribute to the teacher-child relationships in Colombian ECE environments. The sample included 316 children (58.3% Girls) and their teachers. Data were collected using Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) and Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). First, a confirmatory factor analysis of STRS for the Colombian sample was conducted. Second, regression analysis was conducted to determine the strength of the relationship between the variables. Results from regression analyses showed that children's negative affectivity predicted teacher-child closeness (b = .06, beta = .15, t = 2.46, p = .01). In addition, children's temperamental surgency predicted teacher-child conflict (b= .08, beta= .12, t = 1.97, p = .04). Results from the current study highlights the importance of children's temperament in their relationships with teachers in the Colombian early childhood education environment. Intervention programs targeting improvement of teachers-child relationships could consider child temperament as children establish different patterns of relationships with teachers depending on their temperament. (C) 2019 Published by Future Academy www.ArticlePublication Metadata only Construct validity and predictors of three-dimensional citizenship performance in Turkey(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2019) Ceylan, S.; Ergin, Canan; Psychology; ERGİN, Gül CananThe current study examined the construct validity and predictors of the three-dimensional citizenship performance construct in employed samples in Turkey. Three independent studies were conducted. First, the face and content validity of the citizenship performance construct was examined in a sample of ten participants via semi-structured interviews. Second, the factor structure, discriminant validity, and internal consistency of citizenship performance were examined in a sample of 213 employees. Third, utilizing the target similarity model, the relationships of citizenship performance with personality variables, job involvement, job satisfaction, group cohesiveness, organizational justice, and organizational commitment were tested in a sample of 613 participants. Results provided psychometric support for the three-dimensional citizenship performance conceptualization and scale in the Turkish context. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.Conference ObjectPublication Metadata only Speaking but not gesturing predicts motion event memory within and across languages(The Cognitive Science Society, 2019) Bekke, M. t.; Özyürek, A.; Ünal, Ercenur; Psychology; ÜNAL, ErcenurIn everyday life, people see, describe and remember motion events. We tested whether the type of motion event information (path or manner) encoded in speech and gesture predicts which information is remembered and if this varies across speakers of typologically different languages. We focus on intransitive motion events (e.g., a woman running to a tree) that are described differently in speech and co-speech gesture across languages, based on how these languages typologically encode manner and path information (Kita & Özyürek, 2003; Talmy, 1985). Speakers of Dutch (n = 19) and Turkish (n = 22) watched and described motion events. With a surprise (i.e. unexpected) recognition memory task, memory for manner and path components of these events was measured. Neither Dutch nor Turkish speakers' memory for manner went above chance levels. However, we found a positive relation between path speech and path change detection: participants who described the path during encoding were more accurate at detecting changes to the path of an event during the memory task. In addition, the relation between path speech and path memory changed with native language: for Dutch speakers encoding path in speech was related to improved path memory, but for Turkish speakers no such relation existed. For both languages, co-speech gesture did not predict memory speakers. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the relations between speech, gesture, type of encoding in language and memory.ArticlePublication Open Access The effects of self-presentation to engage in physical activity(Western Kentucky University, 2019) Gürleyik, Duygu Karataş; Alison, E.; Deborah, F. L.; Psychology; GÜRLEYİK, DuyguIn order to improve physical activity levels, it has previously been suggested that the use of rewards can potentially have an impact on exercise behavior. One type of reward, the opportunity to present a good impression in the eyes of others (e.g., self-presentation), has not been previously examined in an experimental task. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if linking an exercise task to a prosocial, self-presentational reward in the form of a charitable giving opportunity influences the amount of effort expended in a single bout of exercise on a stationary cycle. Participants (N = 108) were randomly assigned to one of four different treatment conditions: (a) Private potential health reward (i.e., control group), (b) Private prosocial reward (cycling for a monetary donation to charity), (c) Public self-presentational reward (cycling results posted on social media), and (d) Both public prosocial and self-presentational rewards. In each condition, participants volitionally cycled at a moderate intensity until they chose not to continue. Analyses using current physical activity levels, altruistic personality, impression motivation, and self-presentation in altruistic behavior as covariates showed that participants in the three immediate reward conditions (b, c, and d) cycled longer than those in the control group, and those in the combined rewards group (charity and social media) resulted in longer cycling duration than those who received only one of those rewards. Findings from this study support the possibility that using motivating rewards is positively associated with effort, particularly when charitable rewards are made public.ArticlePublication Metadata only Pancultural nostalgia in action: Prevalence, triggers, and psychological functions of nostalgia across cultures(American Psychological Association, 2024-01) Hepper, E. G.; Arıkan, Gizem; Psychology; ARIKAN, GizemNostalgia is a social, self-relevant, and bittersweet (although mostly positive) emotion that arises when reflecting on fond past memories and serves key psychological functions. The majority of evidence concerning the prevalence, triggers, and functions of nostalgia has been amassed in samples from a handful of largely Western cultures. If nostalgia is a fundamental psychological resource, it should perform similar functions across cultures, although its operational dynamics may be shaped by culture. This study (N = 2,606) examined dispositional nostalgia, self-reported triggers of nostalgia, and functions of experimentally induced nostalgia in young adults across 28 countries and a special administrative region of China (i.e., Hong Kong). Results indicated that nostalgia is frequently experienced across cultures, albeit better valued in more-developed countries (i.e., higher national wealth and life-expectancy). Nostalgia is triggered by psychological threats (especially in warmer countries), sensory stimuli (especially in more-developed countries), and social gatherings (especially in less-developed countries). The positive or negative affect prompted by experimentally induced nostalgia varied by country, but was mild overall. More importantly, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory increased social connectedness, self-continuity, and meaning in life across cultures. In less-developed countries, recalling an ordinary memory also conferred some of these functions, reducing the effect size of nostalgia. Finally, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory augmented state satisfaction with life in countries with lower quality of living (i.e., lower life-expectancy and life-satisfaction). Overall, findings confirm the relevance of nostalgia across a wide range of cultures and indicate cultural nuances in its functioning.ArticlePublication Metadata only Siblings under the shadow: A qualitative study of young adults’ parentification experiences with siblings with special needs(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Hanöz, Lale; Özgün, Serkan; Saydam, Fehime Senem Zeytinoğlu; Şen, Celia Katrine Naivar; Ayyıldız, E.; Psychology; ÖZGÜN, Serkan; SAYDAM, Fehime Senem Zeytinoğlu; ŞEN, Celia Katrine Naivar; Hanöz, LaleUsing systemic theory as the framework, this qualitative study focused on the parentification experiences of young adults with typical development who have siblings with special needs. The sample consisted of 10 siblings. Thematic analysis yielded one overarching theme: parentification. Under the overarching theme of parentification, the levels of themes are personal, family and romantic relationships. Family level themes entail having a lack of sufficient family support, co-managing caregiving processes with parents and taking active roles in family conflict resolution. Personal level themes are difficulties of being parentified, difficulty in accepting the condition and the development of empathy skills. Relationship level covers impact on the future decision making and the similar relationship patterns between one’s own couple and family subsystems. The results are discussed through a culturally informed lens around the qualities of Turkish family dynamics and values. Clinicians should consider the influence of parentification while working with psychotherapy.ArticlePublication Metadata only Shared group memberships mitigate intergroup bias in cooperation(Sage, 2023) Uğurlar, Nesibe Pınar; Dorrough, A. R.; Isler, O.; Yilmaz, O.; Psychology; UĞURLAR, Nesibe PınarResearch on cooperation between groups tends to consider a single social identity at a time. However, individuals naturally share group membership in one social category (e.g., religious belief) while diverging in membership to others (e.g., political ideology). Here, we test the effects of mixed-group membership on actual cooperative behavior relative to completely sharing (in-group) and completely diverging (out-group) group memberships. In three high-powered, preregistered, and incentivized experiments, we found evidence for our hypotheses that cooperation increases with the number of shared memberships in arbitrary (Experiment 1, N = 292) as well as naturally existing social categories such as political orientation and ethnicity (Experiment 2, N = 501) or political orientation and religious affiliation (Experiment 3, N = 292).ArticlePublication Metadata only Supporting preschool children’s executive functions: Evidence from a group-based play intervention(Springer, 2023-12) Arslan Çiftçi, H.; Uyanık, G.; Acar, İbrahim Hakkı; Psychology; ACAR, Ibrahim HakkıThe current study endeavors to assess the impact of the Preschool Executive Functions Intervention Program (PEFIP) on children's executive functions. A quasi-experimental design was employed, encompassing both pre-test and post-test assessments within a control group, complemented by follow-up evaluations over a 5-week period. The sample comprises 76 children ranging in age from 54 to 72 months, with 42 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Teachers provided assessments of the children's executive functions through the Childhood Executive Functions Inventory, while independent researchers employed the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task to evaluate the executive functions of the children. The play-based PEFIP sessions were administered to the experimental group children twice a week for a duration of 10 weeks. Results from the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that children in the experimental group exhibited higher levels of teacher-reported working memory, inhibitory control, and performance-based executive function compared to their counterparts in the control group. Furthermore, this improvement in the children persisted in the follow-up assessment conducted 5 weeks after the program's completion. These outcomes underscore the efficacy of play-based interventions in bolstering children's executive functions.ArticlePublication Open Access Multimodal encoding of motion events in speech, gesture and cognition(Cambridge University Press, 2023-12) Ünal, Ercenur; Mamus, E.; Özyürek, A.; Psychology; ÜNAL, ErcenurHow people communicate about motion events and how this is shaped by language typology are mostly studied with a focus on linguistic encoding in speech. Yet, human communication typically involves an interactional exchange of multimodal signals, such as hand gestures that have different affordances for representing event components. Here, we review recent empirical evidence on multimodal encoding of motion in speech and gesture to gain a deeper understanding of whether and how language typology shapes linguistic expressions in different modalities, and how this changes across different sensory modalities of input and interacts with other aspects of cognition. Empirical evidence strongly suggests that Talmy's typology of event integration predicts multimodal event descriptions in speech and gesture and visual attention to event components prior to producing these descriptions. Furthermore, variability within the event itself, such as type and modality of stimuli, may override the influence of language typology, especially for expression of manner.Book PartPublication Metadata only Bosphorus connecting Europe and Asia: Couple and family therapy in Turkey(Taylor and Francis, 2023-10-16) Söylemez, Y.; Saydam, Fehime Senem Zeytinoğlu; Psychology; SAYDAM, Fehime Senem ZeytinoğluThis chapter dives into what psychotherapy is like in Turkey and the unique cultural aspects that impact families and individuals. The authors highlight the challenges and barriers they face and their hopes for therapy in Turkey moving forward. Walking through the development of CFT in Turkey, the authors focus on different theories and approaches helping the reader to get a better understanding of therapy in other places and cultures.ArticlePublication Metadata only Ethnicity-related partner selection experiences among young adults from christian armenian families: A qualitative study in turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2023-10-02) Yüceer, M.; Zeytinoğlu Saydam, F. S.; Akyıl, Y.; Gürmen, Münevver Selenga; Psychology; ACAR, Münevver Selenga GürmenIn this qualitative study partner selection experiences of young Armenian adults were examined using Ecological Systems Theory and Filter Theory as a theoretical basis. The literature review of partner selection was reviewed in three subtitles as theoretical foundations of partner selection, partner selection studies in Turkey, and intermarriage and intramarriage in Armenians. The study was conducted with 10 participants and data analysis was undertaken through thematic analysis using MAXQDA. This approach emerged nine themes and eight subthemes across four levels. Individuals’ Filters and Preferences about Partner Selection Level themes were as follows: 1. Choosing an Armenian partner is a priority, 2. Importance of the Partner’s Ethnic Identity is Highlighted for Long-Term Relationships, 3. Implementing other selection filters than ethnic identity, 4. Advising Armenian Partner to Children without Rigid Restrictions. Impact of Immediate Social Environment level emerged as Theme 5: Community disapproves and judges out-group marriages, 6. Friends tend to select Armenian partners w/out isolating others, and 7. Families implement and contain partner restriction, Social Connection Level theme revealed: 8. Strength of ties to Armenian Culture/Community promote deeper interiorizing of ingroup partner selection, Attitudes and Ideologies of the Culture Level emerged as 9. Concerns about sustaining culture/population promote in group partner selection. Themes and Subthemes were elaborated upon and discussed in the results and discussion sections providing comprehensive insight into the partner selection experiences of young Armenian Adults. Thematic analysis of the interviews exhibited the interaction of the larger social systems during the partner selection process of Armenian young adults. Thus, this study introduced an extended framework illuminating partner selection experiences among ethnic minorities in the Turkish context.ArticlePublication Metadata only Grief process of a single parent family with a father and two adolescent daughters after the loss of mother: A case study in Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2023-09) Biriken Gürses, İ.; Söylemez, Y.; Gürmen, Münevver Selenga; Psychology; ACAR, Münevver Selenga GürmenThe death of a family member is an important life event for the family and brings lots of different changes in the family members’ and family’s life. Every family was affected differently by the death and each family’s experience about the death is unique. This research tried to understand the case of a Turkish family’s interchangeable dynamics after the loss of the mother. Inductive Thematic Analysis (TA) was used to understand their dynamics. The therapy process consisted of 38 sessions. Selective coding was used, and the sessions were chosen by looking at two criteria. Firstly, all the family members presented at the sessions and then, they talked about the grief process or the deceased. Two main themes were found at the end of analysis: 1) ‘’The Enmeshed Relationship’’ and 2) ‘’Processing the Difficult Emotions’’. The result revealed that grief can be seen as a family process which includes both intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships. The research indicated that the culture and religion were inseparable parts of grief and additional stressors affected the process. This research provided an in-depth perspective of a Turkish family’s grief process during COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for clinicians working with families during grief process were discussed.EditorialPublication Metadata only Introduction to the special issue(Taylor & Francis, 2023-10-02) Söylemez, Y.; Saydam, Fehime Senem Zeytinoğlu; Psychology; SAYDAM, Fehime Senem ZeytinoğluN/AArticlePublication Open Access A person-based approach to emotion socialization in toddlerhood: Individual differences in maternal emotion regulation, mental-health and parental sense of competence(Nature Research, 2023-08-21) Arıkan, Gizem; Kumru, Asiye; Psychology; ARIKAN, Gizem; KUMRU, AsiyeMothers adopt various emotion socialization strategies and sometimes exhibit contradictory responses. Thus, it is essential to understand how mothers differentiate in their use of emotion socialization strategies, and whether a set of emotion socialization responses is associated with individual differences in emotion regulation, mental health, and parental sense of competence during toddlerhood. Therefore, we used a person-centred approach to identify mothers’ emotion socialization responses and then compared mothers based on the aforementioned characteristics. The mothers (N = 680) with toddlers (M = 23.56 months) responded to the Coping with Toddlers’ Negative Emotions Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Parental Sense of Competence Scale. The 3-profile-solution revealed: Unspecified (moderate scores in all emotion socialization strategies), supportive (high scores in supportive emotion socialization strategies) and mixture profiles (high in all emotion socialization strategies). The supportive and mixture profiles scored highly in cognitive reappraisal. Unspecified and mixture profiles did not vary in expressive suppression and mental health symptoms, but they scored lower than supportive profile mothers. In the parental sense of competence, the supportive profile scored higher than the mixture profile. The results showed mothers mainly using supportive emotion socialization strategies can demonstrate adequate emotion regulation and benefit from psychological well-being that potentially boosts parenting competence.ArticlePublication Metadata only Parenting culture(s): Ideal-parent beliefs across 37 countries(Sage, 2023-01) Lin, G.-X.; Arıkan, Gizem; Psychology; ARIKAN, GizemWhat is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.ArticlePublication Metadata only Three reasons why parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic countries: a mediation study in 36 countries(Springer, 2023-05) Roskam, I.; Arıkan, Gizem; Psychology; ARIKAN, GizemPurpose: The prevalence of parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children, varies dramatically across countries and is highest in Western countries characterized by high individualism. Method: In this study, we examined the mediators of the relationship between individualism measured at the country level and parental burnout measured at the individual level in 36 countries (16,059 parents). Results: The results revealed three mediating mechanisms, that is, self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, high agency and self-directed socialization goals, and low parental task sharing, by which individualism leads to an increased risk of burnout among parents. Conclusion: The results confirm that the three mediators under consideration are all involved, and that mediation was higher for self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, then parental task sharing, and lastly self-directed socialization goals. The results provide some important indications of how to prevent parental burnout at the societal level in Western countries.ArticlePublication Metadata only Profiles of parental burnout around the globe: Similarities and differences across 36 countries(Sage, 2023-06) Matias, M.; Arıkan, Gizem; Psychology; ARIKAN, GizemParental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention.ArticlePublication Metadata only The timing database: An open-access, live repository for interval timing studies(Springer, 2024-01) Aydoğan, T.; Karşılar, Hakan; Psychology; KARŞILAR, HakanInterval timing refers to the ability to perceive and remember intervals in the seconds to minutes range. Our contemporary understanding of interval timing is derived from relatively small-scale, isolated studies that investigate a limited range of intervals with a small sample size, usually based on a single task. Consequently, the conclusions drawn from individual studies are not readily generalizable to other tasks, conditions, and task parameters. The current paper presents a live database that presents raw data from interval timing studies (currently composed of 68 datasets from eight different tasks incorporating various interval and temporal order judgments) with an online graphical user interface to easily select, compile, and download the data organized in a standard format. The Timing Database aims to promote and cultivate key and novel analyses of our timing ability by making published and future datasets accessible as open-source resources for the entire research community. In the current paper, we showcase the use of the database by testing various core ideas based on data compiled across studies (i.e., temporal accuracy, scalar property, location of the point of subjective equality, malleability of timing precision). The Timing Database will serve as the repository for interval timing studies through the submission of new datasets.