Faculty of Architecture and Design

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Open Access
The analysis of a paediatric treatment environment in the context of nurses' and companions’ behaviours through space syntax and behaviour maps
(2021-12-02) Çanakçıoğlu, Nevşet Gül; Ünlü, Alper; Architecture; ÇANAKÇIOĞLU, Nevşet Gül; ÜNLÜ, Alper
Pediatric treatment environments are settings that should be designed in a child-centered spatial manner that treats the child as a holistic entity with his/her physical, cognitive, social, and psychological needs. According to David and Weinstein (1987), children are not the only users of these settings, the needs of adults as well as children should be considered, as these environments are also used by their parents. Platt Report (1959) which demonstrates family-centered design procedures in children’s hospitals, also informs that if a mother is staying with her child, she should also be considered as a member of the team involved in the treatment process. So, in addition to medical doctors and nurses, companions are among the main actors of children's treatment settings whose social and psychological needs should be taken into consideration. However, the fact that companions are vital members of the treatment process is usually ignored in the architectural design of many children's treatment services in Turkey. The case study which is carried out in a Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Service with the participation of 30 companions and 13 nurses, through which the significance of the data obtained by behavioral maps and spatial syntax methods are statistically investigated, shows that companions are at least as active as nurses and they take a vigorous role in the treatment of their children and also need social interaction and privacy. As a result of the correlations established between the behavioral data of nurses and companions, and the syntactic data of each space, it is analyzed whether the syntactic data regarding the physical structure of the space are related to the behavioral frequencies of each participant group. Considering the significant data that emerged in the analyzes, it is revealed that the behavior frequencies of the companions are as high as the nurses.
Open Access
Architettura e archeologia: la composizione conforme dello strato contemporaneo
(Società Scientifica nazionale dei docenti di Progettazione Architettonica, SSD ICAR 14, 15 e 16: Naples, 2019) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Calderoni, A.; Di Palma, B.; Nitti, A.; Oliva, G.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
Nel recente dibattito sul rapporto tra architettura e archeologia (Capozzi, Fusco and Visconti 2019), (Mariniello 2016) prevale la tesi per la quale il progetto contemporaneo dovrebbe configurarsi nel sito archeologico affermando figurativamente la sua contemporaneità. Tale asserzione caratterizza gran parte della recente sperimentazione progettuale italiana nei contesti archeologici (Basso Peressut and Caliari 2014), (Cellini et al. 2009) ma soprattutto alimenta la polemica che contrappone molto spesso architetti e organismi preposti alla tutela, rendendo molto difficile la vita dei progetti. Questo contributo mette in discussione la necessità di tale affermazione figurativa. In un’area archeologica, prima del progetto architettonico, è stata effettuata una operazione progettuale di sottrazione, lo scavo, che si configura come unità stratigrafica negativa (Harris 1989).
Open Access
Attractors, repellers and fringe belts: origins and medieval transformations of Arsinoe, Ammochostos, al-Mau’dah, Famagusta, Magusa
(U+D Edition, Rome, 2019) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Carlotti, P.; Ficarelli, L.; Ieva, M.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
This research poses a number of historical questions about the urban settlement of Famagusta: is it a Medieval, Crusader or a Frankish city? Is there any evidence of an earlier (pre-Lusignan) phase in the urban fabric and in the city walls? Can the application of the attractor theory give some results in the reconstruction of the medieval and late antique phases of Famagusta? We can analyse the urban structure of a city synchronically or diachronically, the theory of attractors, assuming that the deformations of urban routes follow the changing morphology of urban limits and centres, can shed some light on a reconstruction of the city. We can consider the city itself as a material historical document, without any opposition with archaeological data and other documents, such as quantitative notarial sources, cadastres, plans and city views. Most of the written histories identify this settlement with that of Arsinoe, and Ammochostos, interpreting Famagusta as the franchized version of Ammochostos. Starting with a toponymic interpretation the paper seeks evidence of a Roman or earlier phase of the urban settlement, by considering written and epigraphic sources, and analysing the urban tissues with the attractor theory. This analysis is essential to the understanding of the different parts of the urban settlement. The research is an experimental application of some of the urban morphology theories, namely the fringe belts and the attractor analysis, to the understanding of the early history of Famagusta.
Open Access
BIM documentation for architecture and archaeology: the shipwreck museum in the Kyrenia castle, Cyprus
(Gangemi Editore, 2019) Capparelli, F.; Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Conte, A.; Guida, A.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
In May 2018 we joined the “International Survey and Design Seminar & Workshop: Reading and designing the Kyrenia Castle”, at the Girne American University (Cyprus). During the workshop, we started a survey aimed at a general re-evaluation of the archeological data available on the site, in order to draw an updated plan of the castle. The work process started from the historical analysis together with the geometric one. We acquired Laser scans and built a 3D model combining it with a digital photogrammetric survey. In order to make all 3D data interoperable, we developed a Building Information Modelling (BIM) project focused on the Shipwreck Museum in the castle. This new approach not only represents the existing historic fabric but also allows the visualization and the complex analysis of the interventions proposed in various scenarios. We modelled the objects and managed them parametrically for a synthetic definition of the individual elements. The paper illustrates the procedure and the methodology by presenting the outcomes of the research.
Open Access
The chain tower in Kyrenia’s harbour, Cyprus
(Universidad de Granada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife, 2020-05) Camiz, Alessandro; Griffo, M.; Baydur, S.; Valletta, E.; Architecture; García-Pulido, L. J.; Navarro Palazón, J.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
In the Middle Ages a chain suspended between two towers defended the entrance of Kyrenia’s little harbour, like the chain across the Golden Horn in Constantinople. William de Oldenburg, who visited Cyprus in 1211 during the reign of King Hugh I, referred to Kyrenia as “a small town well-fortified, which has a castle with walls and towers”. He perceived the chain tower as part of Kyrenia’s fortification system in that time. The Byzantines had already fortified the city, but in the thirteenth century, during the Longobard war, before the siege of the city, Frederick II’s party, under the direction of Captain Philippo Genardo, improved the defences of the city. The chain tower is still visible today in the north side of the old Kyrenia harbour. It consists of an 8,15 m diameter cylindrical tower and a 1,5 m diameter pillar on top of it. The tower was supporting a chain attached on the other side to another structure. The fortifications on the north side terminated against the harbour in a square tower or bastion holding the chain to be raised and lowered by means of a windlass. The paper includes the digital photogrammetric survey of the chain tower using a structure from motion software, the historical research and the comparison with other coeval harbour defence constructions of the eastern Mediterranean.
Open Access
Contextual design. L’esperienza del laboratorio di architettura degli interni a Salamis, Cipro
(Di Baio Editore, 2019) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Marucci, G.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
During the two-year period 2016-2017 the writer, then in force at the Girne American University of Cyprus, found himself directing the Department of Interior Architecture of that University. In that context, it was decided to address the research of the International Center for Heritage Studies and the Department in the same direction: while the Research Center, always directed by the writer, was concerned with the documentation of the archaeological and architectural heritage of the island, the Department dedicated itself to the project in the archaeological and historical areas of the same sites.
Open Access
Contextual design: a new methodology
(Di Baio Editore, 2019) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Marucci, G.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
Within the international debate on design methodologies, the contextual approach proposes a new interpretation for architectural design. Every project does inevitably relate to its surrounding context. Once a project is built, it becomes part of its context by determining a meaningful modification to the surrounding environment. We should therefore always consider the project as part of the context, rather than something detached from it. The main difference between architecture and the other arts is indeed this one: architecture always does have a context.
Open Access
Cooperazione internazionale per il rilevamento e la documentazione dei tessuti urbani storici: l’insediamento medievale genovese di Galata, Istanbul. International cooperation for the survey and documentation of historical urban tissues: the medieval genoese settlement of Galata, Istanbul
(Didapress, Florence, 2019) Camiz, Alessandro; Özkuvancı, Özge; Verdiani, G.; Architecture; Bertocci, S.; Conte, A.; CAMIZ, Alessandro; ÖZKUVANCI, Özge
The International Urban Design Workshop “Urban Façade: Istanbul waterfront” took place in March 23th-30st 2019 at the Faculty of Architecture and Design, Özyegin University, Istanbul. Organised by the authors in collaboration with University of Parma, “Sapienza” University of Rome, University of Naples “Federico II”, DIDALABS, Department of Architecture, University of Florence, and the Università degli Studi “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria. The workshop focused on the architectural survey, analysis and redesign of selected urban blocks of Galata’s waterfront considering their ongoing transformation (Dixon, Verdiani, Cornell 2017). We should not design the transformation therein like an arbitrary object, as most contemporary architectural production seems to fancy, but rather as a living organism within the formation process of urban tissues (Camiz, Carlotti, Díez 2017). The area is an important connection between the sea and the historical Galata neighbourhood, acting as the city’s “urban facade” towards the Golden Horn (Cuneo 1987). The workshop considered critically inserensome of the contemporary metropolis’ problems in Istanbul, the substitution of historical urban tissues with new buildings.
Open Access
Cyclical inversion of limits and centres: the formation process of the Regio quartadecima, Constantinople
(University of Strathclyde Publishing, 2022) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Feliciotti, A.; Fleischmann, M.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
The paper reconstructs the topography of Constantinople’s fourteenth region (regio XIV) applying the urban morphology analysis methods (Caniggia and Maffei, 1979) and the attractors’ theory (Camiz, 2018) to the fragmentary documental sources and scarce archaeological data. The pontem sublicium sive ligneum’s location was determined as part of a street network, in analogy with the pons sublicius in Rome, according to the formation process of the territorial organism. This was the starting point for the reconstruction of the topographic mosaic. By redefining the path of the Constantinian walls upon quantitative sources it was possible to localise the monumental buildings of the XIV region, as listed in the Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae, with reference to the morphology of the territory described by Dionysius of Byzantium and the Patria Konstantinopoleos. The form of the territory is a permanent element within urban contexts of continuous changes, demolitions and reconstructions. The analysis of the urban tissues, the road network’s diachronic attraction and the reconstruction of the territorial organism provided the general methodological framework for the placement of the topographical urban fragments mentioned by historical sources upon a GIS.
Open Access
Digital survey and architectural representation of a Genoese tower for the Museum of the city and territory of Galata
(Pisa University Press, Pisa:, 2023-03-15) Camiz, Alessandro; Peker, D.; Spallone, R.; Verdiani, G.; Vitali, M.; Architecture; Bevilacqua, M. G.; Ulivieri, D.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
Galata, one of the oldest districts in Istanbul, still shows a historical and multi-layered urban texture. In 2019, within the “Urban Facade-Istanbul Waterfront” international workshop, a 3D laser scanner survey of Galata’s city walls was carried out. The raw data therein collected became the basis for a thesis in Architecture, as part of a joint research (Politecnico di Torino, Özyeğin University, Università di Firenze) on the fortified systems in the Mediterranean area. The multidisciplinary research comprised the historical study of the transformation of the urban tissue in the considered area, and the relationships between the city, the walls, and the towers. We processed the digital survey with the aim of realizing 3D models and orthophotos of a sector of the walls characterized by a Genoese semicircular tower, which today is abandoned. The final drawings are aimed at recognizing the building’s transformations, the different materials, and the relationship between the monument and the context. The research also outlined the damages, underlining the urgency of restoration works.
Open Access
A distributed virtual learning environment (DVLE) for a constructively aligned architectural design studio
(Festival Architettura Edizioni, Parma, Italy, 2021) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Prandi, Enrico; Strina, P.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
In the last 30 years there has been extensive research about online teaching, outlining the importance of the interaction modes and the constructive alignment of the intended learning outcomes (ILO) and the teaching and learning activities (TLA) (Shuell, 1986), (Houghton, 2004), (Laurillard, 2012), (Biggs and Tang, 2011). Nevertheless, the literature about online teaching for architectural design is quite scarce and seems to ignore the recent findings of pedagogy (Rongrong, Gu, Skates and Feast, 2021), (Quintelli. Maretto, Prandi and Gandolfi, 2020), (Bologna and Trisciuoglio 2020). In order to update our syllabi for online teaching during the pandemics we established a dedicated research unit, named “Online Architecture”, at Özyeğin University, (Camiz, Verdiani, Özkuvancı and Alak, 2020). Therein we tested several online tools that could be used to constructively align the teaching and learning activities (TLA) and the intended learning outcomes (ILO) of our online architectural studios. After selecting the proper tools, we aligned them with the ILO and deployed them within a Distributed Virtual Learning Environment (DVLE). This paper illustrates the finding of such a research unit and describes the applications of the DVLE in the architectural design studios for the years 2020- 2021.
Open Access
Dubai. Una capitale contemporanea
(Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani, 2020-09) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; CAMIZ, Alessandro
Dubai is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, part of the United Arab Emirates, in the Arabian Peninsula, on the western shores of the Persian Gulf, near the Strait of Hormuz. The discovery of oil fields, starting from 1966, has brought enormous wealth and a very rapid urban expansion, characterized by extraordinary architectures that have made the city a symbol of contemporaneity.
Open Access
The emerging role of urban morphology in practicing and teaching architectural and urban design
(National Technical University of Athens, 2019) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Konstantinidou, E.; Nikolaou, D.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
The querelle between modern and traditional urban design has alimented in the past decades diverging phenomena such as the new urbanism, the so-called vernacular architecture and the landscape urbanism on one hand, and the extreme radical neo or ultra-modernist approaches on the other side, each establishing clearly a different and diverging position within the international debate. The urban morphology approach, as developed in time by the Italian school of Saverio Muratori and Gianfranco Caniggia and their followers, has developed a methodology for architectural and urban design, which is neither the radical reproposal of the ultra-modernist style, nor the nostalgic reference to vernacular forms. The Italian school of Urban Morphology proposes a methodology for urban and architectural design based on the reconstruction of the formation process of the built organism, the types, the aggregates, and the territorial cycles. Upon the full understanding of these multi scalar processes, it is then possible to develop the project as the last phase of an ongoing process. A last phase, conceived as contemporary on one hand, but not opposing itself to history on the other, deriving its vitality from the understanding of the formation process of building types and urban tissues so to be the continuation of the past into the future. The paper illustrates briefly the formation process of palaces and public squares through some well-known examples, and proposes a project that applied the same methodology in the design.
Open Access
The formation process of public space: from urban fabric to palaces and squares
(U+D Edition, Rome, 2018) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Carlotti, P.; Del Monaco, A. I.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
The formation process of public spaces within the modern city has ancient origins: although generally referenced to the model of the great public spaces of Republican and imperial Rome (forum), the “common” urban space of Italian cities bears a different juridical nature from that of the “public” space of the imperial Rome. The latter was fenced and equipped with gates, it was a personal property of the imperial family, with access governed in time and dedicated to the worship of the imperial family and its tutelary deities. This urban space was therefore not “public” in the sense we understand today. The “common” space (squares) of the Italian cities came into being in the Middle Ages hence the deliberate action of the free “Communes” that decided it to build by subtraction, demolishing residential blocks as in Florence – of factional losers in the struggle for power. It became a space for free civic aggregation, for the meeting and the election of the council and the podestà. There are some earlier squares next to the cathedrals, where meetings where necessary for the election of the archbishop since the tenth century, but the “common” space acquires its complete form and its civic role only since the thirteenth century with the more mature phase of the municipal experience. In these squares, bishopric, municipal (and later ducal and lordly), we can recognize the presence of a market place: the “common space” here takes on the double meaning of place for business and place for civic meetings. This manner of designing public spaces consolidates in the following centuries with several cases in mannerist age and beyond. The birth of the modern theater stood initially in these spaces through wooden stalls mounted temporarily, before knotting in the form of a closed theater building (Strappa, 1995). The design of the public spaces within the city used specific design skills to shape the urban voids in a “theatrical” manner. In parallel with the rise of the bourgeois mansion (Palazzo) and the recast and aggregation of basic building types, often adjacent to the palazzo, an empty space arises assuming the character of a “building without roof”.
Open Access
From Constantinople to Rome along the via militaris
(LetteraVentidue Edizioni, Siracusa, 2022-09-15) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Ricci, M.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
The Mediterranean that we are describing in the Medways research is divided in two parts by an ancient line. This line dates back to the time of Diocletian who introduced the tetrarchy dividing the Roman Empire into separate administrative domains, one in the East and one in the West. Perhaps this line has shifted today from its original position, but it is still there, and the ongoing war in Ukraine seems to be a consequence of that very same line. In order to reconnect these two divided parts of the Mediterranean, and of the surrounding landscapes, we would like to build a narrative related to the road that connected the two capitals of the Eastern and Western Roman Empire. We will poetically move, as in an imitation game, from Constantinople to Rome along the so-called via militaris. This route was actually a network of roads that connected the two capitals of the empire through the Balkans. The via militaris gradually replaced by importance the older via Egnatia, which connected Constantinople to Durrës, then across the Adriatic Sea to Brindisi, and finally to Rome along the Via Appia. After the tetrarchy, when the Empire moved its gravity centre towards the Balkan area, the via militaris became the main infrastructure of an itinerant principality. It is no coincidence that Constantine the Great was born in a city along this path, Naissus (Nis).
Open Access
Galata waterfont: models, types, and the morphology of meaning in architecture
(LetteraVentidue, Siracusa, 2020) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Russo, A.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
“Ars simia natura” (Boccaccio, 1360) is a concept that has cut in two the history of the arts. Hence the modern figurative revolution the misunderstanding of this notion it has depleted architecture to a mere branch of the visual arts: architecture instead possesses its own compositional techniques and we consider here the dialectics between type and model in architectural composition as a metaphor outlining the elements of a design theory focused on meaning. The proposed theory founds itself on the transposition of Raffaele Panella’s teachings to the domain of Urban Morphology and adapting them for the purpose to achieve meaning in architecture. The contemporary project should accept any restraint imposed by the context, and fit within the processual evolution of the surrounding urban tissue, but by considering the collective memory it should also use recognisable elements to communicate, the design models (Carpenzano 1993). Every designer uses a model in his design activity, but not all are aware control of this creative process. The use of models in composition, not to be confused with the copy, belongs to an ancient school of thought, dating back to Aristotle, and feeding the history of architecture, all the way to the best tradition of modern architecture. We can find reference to the use of models in architectural composition in the design activity of “Gruppo Architettura” in the ‘60 in Italy and in the project for East Rome, designed by Raffale Panella, Costantino Dardi and Carlo Aymonino for the XV Milan Triennale in 1973 (Aymonino, Panella, Dardi, 1973).
Open Access
Hong Kong. Un po’ cinese e un po’ britannica
(Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani,, 2020-09) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; CAMIZ, Alessandro
Once a small fishing port, then a British colony, thanks to its special status Hong Kong is now one of the most important economic and commercial centers globally. Not being able to develop in width, it developed above all in height and thus is the city with the highest concentration of skyscrapers in the world.
Open Access
I ponti di turchi di Enzo Siviero: Haliç Metro Crossing Bridge
(STUDIUM, Roma, 2023) Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Berardi, P. B.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
In the Cultural Evaluation and Architectural Characterization of the Bridge of of the Halic metro, in Istanbul, designed by Hakan Kiran, the group coordinated by Siviero, has been able to reconcile the technical demands of structural design with the necessary construction of relationships of meaning and form with the urban context in which the building is inscribed.
Open Access
Image reintegration. Restoring the Palace in the Kyrenia Castle, Cyprus
(Gangemi Editore, 2019) Valletta, E.; Camiz, Alessandro; Architecture; Conte, A.; Guida, A.; CAMIZ, Alessandro
Built next to the ancient harbour the castle of Kyrenia overlooks the surrounding historical fabric as a monumental landmark. The Byzantines established a fortress in the X century; this was transformed in a crusader castle in the XIII century, and then became one of the residences of the King of Cyprus. The Venetian rule brought further substantial modifications the XVI century. The enhancement project focuses on the recognition of the artefact’s cultural value and the implicit need of its conservation. The surface consolidation is necessary to prevent the erosion of the ashlars. The project has been conceived in compliance with the principle of “authenticity of the material”, and based the reintegration of the architectural lacuna on the western facade on the philological reconstruction of the architectural elements in corten steel panels with a reversible and recognizable solution. The partial reconstruction of the portico running along the ground floor enhances the historical spatiality and redistributes the Shipwreck museum, envisaging unitary planning in order facilitate the monument’s accessibility.
Open Access
An integrated approach to archaeological heritage: The Shipwreck Museum in the Kyrenia Castle, Cyprus
(ARUCAD Press, Kyrenia, 2023) Camiz, Alessandro; Ceylanlı, Zeynep; Verdiani, G.; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; Architecture; Summerer, L.; Kiessel, M.; Kaba, H.; CAMIZ, Alessandro; CEYLANLI, Zeynep
Digital survey tools allow a fast acquisition of large datasets, documenting extensively the different phases of buildings and urban settlements; the data integration level has recently evolved so to keep together details at different scales and now is easy to manage, with a significant improvement in the overall understanding of built heritage. In this case, we integrated Terrestrial Photogrammetry, Aerial Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Lasergrammetry for the documentation of a large fortification, the Castle of Kyrenia, which concomitantly provided extensive data for the design of a museum inside the castle. The survey started within the international workshop held therein in May 2018, with the scientific coordination of Girne American University (Cyprus), Özyeğin University (Turkey), and Florence University (Italy).