Mechanical Engineering

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10679/9145

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Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

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Airflow characteristics and thermal comfort of air diffusers
(ASME, 2023) Eraslan, Tolga Arda; Keskin, Cem; Mengüç, Mustafa Pınar; Mechanical Engineering; MENGÜÇ, Mustafa Pınar; Eraslan, Tolga Arda; Keskin, Cem
Indoor environment quality control is very important for building operations as occupant of buildings spend up to 90% of their time indoors. After Covid-19 pandemic break out, indoor environment quality has become even more crucial to the society because of health concerns. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) covers conditions such as air quality, lighting, thermal conditions, ergonomics inside a building and their effects on the occupant or occupants of the building. Thermal conditions and air quality are usually achieved with the mechanical or natural ventilation systems or by HVAC equipment. As buildings became more complex structures, different airflow distribution systems to be developed to fulfill such requirements. For this purpose, not only the airflow distribution systems need to be modified but also diffusers that provide which supplies/draws air to/from systems are to be improved. Detailed analysis of these subcomponents is needed to assure that such devices provide high levels of comfort effectiveness and energy efficiency. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive analysis for air characterization and indoor air regime of different diffusers (square diffuser, operable flap diffuser) and their effect on comfort level of occupants Fanger’s model of thermal comfort is used with CFD simulations and a tool is considered for the validation experiments. Using more than 16 thermal sensors including one on a mannequin head, on a table and at foot level, the readings were correlated by using anemometers to measure air flow at supply diffuser and at different operating levels. CFD simulations were according to different scenarios which are to provide a comparison between diffusers and understand indoor airflow regimes. The results considering the flow interaction between diffusers and surroundings showed a detailed visual illustration in CFD simulations and their relation to perceived comfort levels.
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Automated flow rate control of extrusion for 3D concrete printing incorporating rheological parameters
(Elsevier, 2024-04) Ahi, Oğulcan; Ertunç, Özgür; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Bebek, Özkan; Civil Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; ERTUNÇ, Özgür; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; BEBEK, Özkan; Ahi, Oğulcan
The use of inline quality assessment technologies is of great importance in meeting the consistent extrusion requirements of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) applications. This paper presents a system to regulate extrusion speed and maintain the flow rate at a target value during 3DCP processes. The system is based on a new equation that combines printing parameters and the material's rheological properties in the printing process. The proposed control strategy is designed to effectively function with various cement-based mixtures. Validation tests demonstrate that the proposed system can maintain an instantaneous flow rate within a certain range and eventually achieve a constant flow rate. During operation, the flow rate is consistently maintained around the targeted value with an average error rate of 6.7 percent. The flow rate control mechanism shows promise as a reliable and efficient solution for achieving precise and constant flow rates, regardless of the cement mix design used.
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Computational and experimental investigation of vibration characteristics of variable unit-cell gyroid structures
(International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2019) Şimşek, Uğur; Gayir, C.; Kavas, B.; Şendur, Polat; Mechanical Engineering; ŞENDUR, Polat; Şimşek, Uğur
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based geometries exhibit extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties thanks to their unique topologies. There are various types of structures in the TPMS family. One of the most well-known TPMS structures is the gyroid structure. This paper focuses on the vibrational behavior of a novel sandwiched gyroid structure in terms of their natural frequencies and mode shapes with three different feasible unit sizes at same volume ratio. Powder bed fusion technology is employed to fabricate gyroid porous specimens made of HS188 material. Modal testing is performed to deduce the vibration characteristics of aforementioned cellular structures. Besides the experimental study, the dynamic performance of the considered structures is investigated computationally by performing modal analysis using Finite Element (FE) models. A key challenge facing FE modelling of large scale gyroid structure is computation time and accuracy. For that reason, small size of gyroid lattices are utilized for compression tests in order to extract elastic properties. Then sandwiched gyroid plate is modelled as solid body with calculated elastic properties instead of complex gyroid topology and analyzed. Finally correlation level between experimental and FE results are presented.
Open Access
Critical review of the parameters affecting the effectiveness of moisture absorption treatments used for natural composites
(MDPI AG,, 2019) Al-Maharma, Ahmad Yousef Mohammad; Al-Huniti, N.; Al-Maharma, Ahmad Yousef Mohammad
Natural composites can be fabricated through reinforcing either synthetic or bio-based polymers with hydrophilic natural fibers. Ultimate moisture absorption resistance at the fiber–matrix interface can be achieved when hydrophilic natural fibers are used to reinforce biopolymers due to the high degree of compatibility between them. However, the cost of biopolymers is several times higher than that of their synthetic counterparts, which hinders their dissemination in various industries. In order to produce economically feasible natural composites, synthetic resins are frequently reinforced with hydrophilic fibers, which increases the incompatibility issues such as the creation of voids and delamination at fiber–matrix interfaces. Therefore, applying chemical and/or physical treatments to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks is of primary importance. However, it is demonstrated through this review study that these treatments do not guarantee a sufficient improvement of the moisture absorption properties of natural composites, and the moisture treatments should be applied under the consideration of the following parameters: (i) type of hosting matrix; (ii) type of natural fiber; (iii) loading of natural fiber; (iv) the hybridization of natural fibers with mineral/synthetic counterparts; (v) implantation of nanofillers. Complete discussion about each of these parameters is developed through this study.
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Design and development of a torsion-based series elastic actuator with nested encoders for a wearable exoskeleton robot
(IEEE, 2022) Kuru, Alihan; Uğurlu, Regaip Barkan; Bebek, Özkan; Mechanical Engineering; UĞURLU, Regaip Barkan; BEBEK, Özkan; Kuru, Alihan
This paper presents the design of a high torque-to-mass ratio series elastic actuator (SEA) for wearable powered exoskeletons. Nonbackdrivable actuators are ideal for applications that require high torque. Commonly, active exoskeleton robots are powered by actuators that are nonbackdrivable. Due to the high gear ratio, the output mechanical impedance of these actuators is quiet high which renders their force/torque control challenging. To provide torque controllability a custom torsional spring has been produced and placed at the output side of the series elastic actuator. In addition, the measurement of the angular displacement of this elastic element is challenging in terms of mechanical design. To prevent this design challenge a double shaft mechanism was proposed. In this mechanism, the first shaft, which connects the spring and the spring encoder, goes through the second shaft, which is connected to the motor and the motor encoder. This way both encoders are placed on a the same side of the SEA. In addition to explaining this compact spring shaft mechanism, this article presents the results of the cascaded PID controller with a disturbance observer (DoB) applied on the actuator.
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Design methodology of a concentrating solar volumetric receiver
(ASME, 2023) Akba, Tufan; Baker, D.; Mengüç, Mustafa Pınar; Mechanical Engineering; MENGÜÇ, Mustafa Pınar; Akba, Tufan
A volumetric receiver design process is proposed to respond wide range of power, outlet temperature, or mass flow rate needs. In the receiver model, concentrated solar radiation hits the inner surface cavity and heats the gaseous fluid passing through the porous media assembled between the cavity and the insulator. Porous media properties and receiver geometry are coupled in the design process to determine the best possible option. A two-step process starts with a parameter sweep to create a surrogate model. Then, gradient-based design optimization is performed using two different surrogate models to maximize the outlet air temperature for bounded design variables in receiver volume and outer surface temperature constraints. The proposed design process has the advantage of exploring more design options faster using the surrogate model and more accurate results using the base model in the plant-level simulations. The methodology is discussed by comparing the surrogate models and the model validation shows that over 95% accuracy is obtained using both surrogate models. Surrogate-based design optimization is compared as in solution time and the final results are compared with respect to the base receiver model.
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Development and 3D spatial calibration of a parallel robot for percutaneous needle procedures with 2D ultrasound guidance
(World Scientific, 2017-12-01) Ahmad, Mirza Awais; Orhan, Sabri Orçun; Yıldırım, Mehmet Can; Bebek, Özkan; Mechanical Engineering; BEBEK, Özkan; Ahmad, Mirza Awais; Orhan, Sabri Orçun; Yıldırım, Mehmet Can
Robotic systems are being applied to medical interventions as they increase the operational accuracy. The proposed autonomous and ultrasound guided 5-DOF parallel robot can achieve such accuracy for needle biopsies, which particularly demand precise needle positioning and insertion. In this paper, the robot's mechanical design, system identifications, and the design of its controller are explained. A torque computed controller with gravity compensation and friction models, yielding a 0.678mm RMS position error for the needle tip, was used. A novel method was used for 3D space calibration of the images for detecting the volume of interest in the biopsy procedure by a multipoint crosswire phantom with parallel threads. The calibration technique had a validation RMS error of 0.03mm.
Open Access
The effect of interface gradient distribution on unrealistic flow in 3D droplet simulations
(Europe, Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ILASS, 2021-08-31) Yılmaz, Anıl; Kayansalçik, Gökhan; Ertunç, Özgür; Mechanical Engineering; ERTUNÇ, Özgür; Yılmaz, Anıl; Kayansalçik, Gökhan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of the parasitic current to provide accurate prediction of droplet surface interactions in Volume of Fluid (VOF) framework. The deformation of the droplet due to parasitic current has been the most important problem in 3D simulations. Parasitic current is influenced by curvature and surface normal estimation in the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) model. It has been shown that the number of neighboring cells of the central cell influences the gradient calculations regarding the generation of parasitic current. It has been observed that the polyhedral cell structure delivers a smoother interface gradient distribution than the cartesian cell structure. To examine the dynamics in different physical conditions, we compared simulations with base experiments to understand whether those models work. We then simulated droplet cases on stationary and moving wall conditions, and simulation results were consistent with experimental results.
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An integrated design approach for a series elastic actuator: Stiffness formulation, fatigue analysis, thermal management
(IEEE, 2017-12-22) Yıldırım, Mehmet Can; Şendur, Polat; Bilgin, Onur; Gülek, Berk; Yapıcı, Güney Güven; Uğurlu, Regaip Barkan; Mechanical Engineering; YAPICI, Güney Güven; UĞURLU, Regaip Barkan; ŞENDUR, Polat; Yıldırım, Mehmet Can; Bilgin, Onur; Gülek, Berk
This paper presents an integrated mechanical design approach for the long-Term and repetitive use of series elastic actuators (SEAs). Already, computational models for series elastic actuator design have been developed in order to address the challenging weight and volume targets. However, an integrated design method in which the coupling effects between various interacting requirements that are explored at every stage of the design cycle does not exist. In particular, the interactions between the torsional stiffness, strength, fatigue life and thermal performance are not analyzed in-depth. To this end, we propose a comprehensive design approach in which the aforementioned requirements (FEA, stiffness formulation, fatigue analysis, and thermal management) are integrated in a complementary manner. Computer-Aided analyses and experimental results verified the effectiveness of our design approach. The proposed approach is employed to manufacture our SEA module CoEx-SEA.
Open Access
Numerical analysis and diffuser vane shape optimization of a radial compressor with the open-source software su2
(Turk Isi Bilimi ve Teknigi Dernegi, 2023) Uzuner, Mustafa Kürşat; Başol, Altuğ Melik; Mischo, B.; Jenny, P.; Mechanical Engineering; BAŞOL, Altuğ Melik; Uzuner, Mustafa Kürşat
In recent years, the usage of open-source computational fluid dynamics tools is on a rise both in industry and academia. SU2 is one of these open-source tools. Unlike other open-source alternatives, SU2 is equipped with boundary condition types, solvers and methods that are especially developed for the analysis and design of turbomachinery. The aim of this work is to explore and investigate the capabilities of SU2 in the prediction of performance parameters of radial compressors. Two different single stage shrouded compressor geometries, one with a vaneless diffuser and the other with a vaned diffuser have been investigated with steady state CFD. The compressors were designed by MAN Energy Solutions Schweiz AG. Computational results with SU2 showed a satisfactory agreement with both the experimental data and reference CFD solutions obtained with Fidelity Flow, which is formerly known as Numeca Fine TURBO. Only at the relatively higher mass flow rates the difference between references and SU2 were higher compared to other operating points. After performance parameters were successfully calculated with SU2, the optimization tools that come with SU2 were also used. A 2D adjoint optimization study on the vane of the vaned diffuser was carried out. The study was carried out at a single operating point that is close to choke conditions. The loss generated by the large separated flow region at the suction side of the diffuser vane was reduced by 0.55 % in the optimized geometry using minimal modifications on the existing vane geometry to keep the performance of the compressor intact at other operating points. However, the resulting modification increased the total pressure loss by 0.86 % at one of the design operating points. This performance penalty could be due to the discontinuity in the vane geometry generated by the optimizer. Overall, the study shows that SU2 has the basic numerical schemes and models that are required for the analysis of radial turbomachinery flows and geometry optimization.
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Numerical analysis of solar radiation effects at indoors with internal partitions and external solar shades
(International Solar Energy Society, 2020) Yelekci, Ali Can; Keskin, Cem; Mengüç, Mustafa Pınar; Mechanical Engineering; MENGÜÇ, Mustafa Pınar; Yelekci, Ali Can; Keskin, Cem
A numerical study is conducted to couple natural convection in an office space with thermal radiation due to solar radiation. The study specifically investigates the effect of partitions located between desks of the office space to develop a tool-box to determine the effect of windows on thermal and visual comfort of occupants. Three different partition cases (according to the aspect ratio of the partition to the ceiling height, which are 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0) were studied. Moreover, the effects of different designs of solar shades in front of windows were investigated. All walls other than the facade of the enclosure are assumed adiabatic, and the enclosure has a single window, which acts as a thermal radiative heat source. All surfaces are assumed to be gray-diffuse surfaces for calculation of thermal radiation. The solar radiation is analyzed for a perfect sunny day with both diffuse and direct sunlight, and for an overcast day with only diffuse sunlight. Based on the choice of partitions geometry, solar shade aspect ratios and the weather conditions, variations on the surface temperature distribution inside the office are analyzed.
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Topology optimization-based design and development of a compact actuator with a high torque-to-weight ratio for quadrupeds
(IEEE, 2022) Akın, Barış; Özçınar, Erim Can; Balcı, Barış; Emre, Sinan; Şendur, Polat; Bebek, Özkan; Ünal, Ramazan; Uğurlu, Regaip Barkan; Mechanical Engineering; ŞENDUR, Polat; BEBEK, Özkan; ÜNAL, Ramazan; UĞURLU, Regaip Barkan
This paper presents the design, development, and testing procedures for a compact actuator with a high torque-to-weight ratio, generally aimed to actuate legged robots, e.g., quadrupeds. The main goal of designing the actuator was to keep its total weight minimum while ensuring a high torque output. Therefore, the following design steps were implemented: i) the actuator was designed in accordance with the torque output requirement and the stress distribution that was mapped on actuator frames, ii) topology optimization was conducted on the initial design and it is modified in accordance with optimization results, and iii) the optima actuator design was built and tested on in a realistic scenario in which it powered an actual quadruped robot for validation. As the result, the proposed actuators could track the desired walking trajectory with a relatively low error. In conclusion, continuous torque output of 48 Nm was obtained via a lightweight (1.6-1.7 kg) actuator design.
Open Access
Validation and comparison of 2D and 3D numerical simulations of flow in simplex nozzles
(Europe, Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ILASS, 2021-08-31) Bal, M.; Kayansalçik, Gökhan; Ertunç, Özgür; Böke, Y. E.; Mechanical Engineering; ERTUNÇ, Özgür; Kayansalçik, Gökhan
Numerical simulations of pressure swirl atomizers are computationally expensive due to transient and multiphase flow behavior. In this study, 2D and 3D VOF simulations are performed for a geomerty which has high swirl chamber length-to-diameter ratio of 1.33. discharge coefficient (CD) and spray angle values are compared to the experimental data. Moreover, a benchmark study is conducted between 2D and 3D methods in terms of accuracy, computational cost and flow variables such as orifice exit axial and tangential velocity. The simulations are performed using a hybrid RANS-LES approach, IDDES model. It is observed that 2D simulation has lower accuracy in the validation parameters such as discharge coefficient and spray angle as compared to the 3D simulation. The main reason for 2D simulation inaccuracy might be the tangential port inlet effects and wrong estimation of the loss of swirl inside the swirl chamber. On the other hand, 2D simulations have approximately 1000 times lower computational cost than 3D simulations.

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