Faculty of Architecture and Design

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/10679/304

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Acoustical comfort in office buildings
(Global Science and Technology Forum, 2019) Artan, D.; Ergen, E.; Tekçe, Işılay; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; TEKÇE, Işılay
This paper aims to provide insight to decision makers such as designers, facility managers and renovators of office buildings on how office occupants perceive acoustical comfort. In the first step, a detailed literature analysis was performed to determine the main criteria that can be used to measure acoustical comfort in office buildings. In the second step, interviews were undertaken with 12 facility managers, and work orders related to acoustical comfort were extracted from facility management and computerized maintenance management software systems. As a result, a list of occupant feedback and complaint types related to acoustical comfort were determined and a hierarchical structure was established. In the third step, a survey was conducted with 308 office employees to determine (1) the importance and satisfaction levels in acoustical comfort criteria and (2) number of respondents who have complaints in each complaint type. The findings present the common reasons behind acoustical discomfort and consequences of poor acoustical performance. It can be concluded that the occupants are more dissatisfied with the lack of acoustical privacy than with the level of noise or echo. In terms of noise level, occupants are most dissatisfied by ‘noise due to conversations’ compared to other sources of noise such as footsteps, ventilation or office equipment.
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Analysis of behavioural patterns of children and their companions in a paediatric healthcare environment: searching the association between behaviour maps and space syntax
(Instituto Superior Tecnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Georrecursos, 2017) Çanakçıoğlu, Nevşet Gül; Unlu, A.; Architecture; Heitor, T.; Serra, M.; Silva, J. P.; Bacharel, M.; Silva, L. C. da; ÇANAKÇIOĞLU, Nevşet Gül
The relationship between human psychology and space is studied through an ecological approach by Barker (1968) concerning that the harmony between human behaviours and physical and social attributes of space is dependent on the synomorphy of the place offering individuals a balanced amount of basic psychological needs of human beings; privacy and publicity. He puts forward the notions of ritual, display and surveillance as the dominating factors of space and develops the discourse called behaviour setting; stating that spaces have an impact on imposing individuals to behave in certain manners. Within this discourse, each space has a certain structure of behaviour setting so that individuals initially observe the behaviour patterns of others and later on follow the same social norms and behaviours when they first participate into a specific space. According to Barker, this kind of interaction of the individual with the environment has an effect on diminishing environmental stress arisen from the environment and enhancing adaptation of the individual. In this manner, this paper focuses on the correspondent interaction between physical and social attributes of paediatric healthcare spaces where children are treated. Although paediatric spaces are supposed to be designed through a holistic approach respecting children's physical, cognitive, social and psychological needs, these spaces are nonetheless stressful settings especially for inpatient children to get accustomed to various physical attributes together with social attributes that are decision makers on the patient's physical integrity. For that reason, during the child's treatment period, the accompaniment of a parent is a necessity within a paediatric healthcare environment for the well-being of children to ensure them to require physical and psychological support. Accordingly, children and their companions who have diverse physical and social needs, simultaneously share the spaces of the paediatric healthcare environment displaying certain kinds of behaviour patterns. The main aim of the article is to search for the relationship between various sociobehavioural patterns of two social groups (paediatric inpatients and their companions) and physical attributes of an existing paediatric healthcare environment through a methodology of behaviour maps and space syntax. Within the context of case study, behavioural frequency data of paediatric inpatients and companions is gathered, correlated by the syntactic values of the actual spatial structure and evaluated to search for any significant outcomes by regression analyses. The investigation is conducted by the participation of 30 children and 30 companions in a Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Service in Istanbul Cerrahpasa University.
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Anti-vaccination in the post-truth era: Who will we trust?
(IGI Global, 2023-12-18) Ege, Övünç; Communication Design; EGE, Övünç
Science denialism, or the decline/loss of trust in scientific knowledge, is related to losing the value of truth as a phenomenon, the post-truth era is a period in which truth is devalued and fluid. This study reveals the relationship between this concept, which permeates a wide range of areas from political discourses to daily life practices, and the pandemic, which is a global crisis. It also seeks to reveal how the pandemic reproduces hegemonic relations. This study addresses the relationship between the posttruth era and anti-vaccination and aims to understand how anti-vaccine individuals view COVID-19 vaccines. The study included in-depth interviews with five vaccine opponents. There were found to be recurring themes in the interview data. One of the core ideas of post-truth, science denialism, was used to investigate these issues. The hierarchy between classes, the prominent theme in the data collected from the opponents of vaccination, was analyzed with a critical perspective.
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An approach for the design of smart tools and environments based on networked experiences
(IEEE, 2015) Orhun, Simge Esin; Communication Design; ORHUN, Simge
Fast improvements in information communication technologies and demanding market conditions trigger the development of most digital services and products, which have been discussed for their adverse effects on their users today. Neglecting the potential and possible contributions of information architecture within the design process is recognized to be one of the causes for incompatibility of the tools to the perceptual and behavioural qualities of users, especially where the scale of physical space is concerned. This study looked for an approach for the design of smart environments and technological tools based on developing multi-dimensional networking and interconnected experiences. In order to reach the objectives of this study, spatial communication projects that focus on experience design were created and studied in 2010-2012 in the design studio course in the Department of Communication Design of a well-established university. The analysis of 84 projects reflected the importance of integrating the physical data as an element of design within the process of obtaining compact design solutions.
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Assessment of learning in child–computer interaction research: A semi-systematic literature review
(Elsevier, 2023-06) Baykal, Gökçe Elif; Eriksson, E.; Torgersson, O.; Communication Design; BAYKAL, Gökçe Elif
In this paper, we investigate and map out how learning is assessed in Child–computer interaction (CCI) research. We have conducted a semi-systematic literature review in the CCI community's leading venues: the Interaction Design and Children (IDC) conference and the International Journal of Child–Computer Interaction (IJCCI). This eventually led to 30 publications that use the word stem ‘learn*’ in title, abstract and keywords being included in the corpus. Based on our analysis of these publications, the results demonstrate that there are three main strands of research approaches, namely quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods, some of which are design-based. The case studies taking a qualitative approach dominate the field whereas the mixed-methods approach remains low in number. Furthermore, the findings showed that basic characteristics of research design and approaches to the assessment of learning are rarely defined, and that assessment of learning is scarcely operationalized. This affects the methodological rigor and possibility of understanding causality of technology interaction in children's learning. It was also found that only a limited number of works include assessment of learning regarding transfer of learning and controlled groups. The main findings from this review describe the current state-of-the art and address the gaps in CCI research in presenting evidence for learning in children as a desired impact. We conclude with suggestions for future avenues for the assessment of learning in CCI.
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A BIM-GIS integrated pre-retrofit model for building data mapping
(Springer Nature, 2016-10) Göçer, Özgür; Hua, Y.; Göçer, Kenan; Architecture; GÖÇER, Özgür; GÖÇER, Kenan
In response to rising energy costs and the impetus to reduce environmental impacts, upgrading the large building stock that is responsible for 40% of the total energy consumption to maximum energy efficiency is becoming an important task. Despite the many benefits associated with retrofit projects, they are still only slowly being implemented because of the many challenges that exist. One of these challenges is optimizing the decision between renovation scenarios based on economic and environmental goals, which can be made possible with an accurate pre-retrofit model. The intention of this paper is to introduce a pre-retrofit model that efficiently obtains and integrates multiple forms of building data as a critical step to develop a comprehensive understanding of a building to be renovated. Opportunities for utilizing building information modeling (BIM) and geographical information systems (GIS) for retrofitting projects were explored through the study of a historical campus building. With the use of as-is geometric data and as-is data, building data maps were obtained. The next step of this study is to use the model to conduct scenarios comparison and optimize renovation decision based on economic and environmental goals.
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Building in extraterrestrial environments: t-brick shell
(American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018-03) Yazıcı, Sevil; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; YAZICI, Sevil
Space exploration focuses on new technologies to search the unknown. It has been used to investigate possibilities for the creation of human colonies in extraterrestrial environments. Current projects concerning space architecture reflect two perspectives that differ from highly rationalized engineering solutions in that they are highly conceptual and abstract approaches. Although implemented for extraterrestrial environments, new technologies do not offer a comprehensive approach from an architecture perspective that can be implemented for different design and programmatic purposes by the use of in situ materials on Mars. This paper aims to propose a comprehensive approach in which the form generation process is driven by environmental conditions, specifically the dune fields on Mars. A set of architectural geometry, described computationally, can respond to different spatial conditions, such as shell structures, from fully enclosed to semiopen surfaces. In this approach, in situ materials are used with robotic fabrication; more specifically, three-dimensional (3D) printing is used on Martian land. A material system, which creates a titanium-dioxide-based shielding layer, was developed against high radiation levels on the Martian surface. The interconnected structural modules were considered similar to the brick material called T-brick. The system was assessed structurally by selecting an enclosed geometry: a dome structure. Hence, the efficiency factor was calculated. The results proved that the proposed T-brick shell is an efficient solution considering the payload constraints of the system. The method can be potentially implemented on Earth and extraterrestrial environments in addition to Mars. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Challenges in synchronous e-learning in architectural education
(Springer, 2021) Altıntaş Kaptan, M.; Edis, E.; Ünlü, Gülten Aslıhan; Architecture; ÜNLÜ, Gülten Aslıhan
Distance learning is a centuries-old method, from first correspondence courses to educational broadcasting. It eventually evolved into e-learning, where the acquisition of knowledge is managed via electronic media and nowadays, the Internet became the prominent medium for information delivery. The use of internet technology and applications allowed two-way communication between students/audience and lecturer/presenter, either simultaneously, or with a time-lag. Despite its long-standing history, e-learning methods still preserve their novelty in terms of changing the traditional ways of face-to-face learning methods in which both lecturer and audience are considerably much familiar with. In an Erasmus + partnership project titled Re-use of Modernist Buildings (RMB), the use of both synchronous and asynchronous e-learning methods was concerted within the context of a joint master’s programme that is planned to be established by the partner universities. Concerning the decision to employ e-learning, some synchronous seminar and lecture sessions were tried and tested both during an RMB project workshop and within other university courses. A survey was conducted after each session in order to understand students’ opinions on e-learning in comparison with traditional classroom learning. In this paper, open-ended responses collected through the survey are examined in detail, and comparative analysis of personal opinions and comments in relation to certain Likert scale questions are reported in order to review and discuss participants’ perspective on the synchronous e-learning session attended. In this respect, a brief introduction regarding the RMB project and e-learning is provided primarily, followed by the synchronous session cases and evaluation method, and finally, the findings are presented and discussed with examples.
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A challenging design case study for interactive media design education: Interactive media for individuals with autism
(Springer International Publishing, 2014) Yantaç, A. E.; Orhun, Simge Esin; Ünlüer Çimen, A.; Communication Design; ORHUN, Simge
Since 1999, research for creativity triggering education solutions for interactive media design (IMD) undergraduate level education in Yıldız Technical University leaded to a variety of rule breaking exercises. Among many approaches, the method of designing for disabling environment, in which the students design for the users with one or more of their senses disabled, brought the challenge of working on developing interactive solutions for the individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). With the aim of making their life easier, the design students were urged to find innovative yet functional interaction solutions for this focused user group, whose communicational disability activate due to the deficiencies in their senses and/or cognition. Between 2011 and 2012, this project brief supported by participatory design method motivated 26 students highly to develop design works to reflect the perfect fit of interaction design to this challenging framework involving the defective social communication cases of autism.
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Change in industrial designers’ jobs: The case of Turkey, 1984-2018
(Taylor & Francis, 2020-08-21) Kaygan, P.; İlhan, Ali Oğulcan; İlhan, Işıl Oygür; Industrial Design; İLHAN, Ali Oğulcan; OYGÜR İLHAN, Işil
This paper examines the change in the forms of employment of industrial designers between 1984 and 2018 in Turkey. The empirical data come from the graduates of the four oldest industrial design departments in the country. Utilizing multiple sources, we collected longitudinal data on forms of employment and duration of jobs for a total of 1205 individuals. Drawing on this data, we present a descriptive analysis of the changing job patterns in in-house employment, self-employment, freelance work, academic jobs and part-time teaching jobs. Our findings show that throughout the three and a half decades (1) in-house employment remains the main form of employment, in which UX-focused jobs emerge as a recent and consistently increasing subcategory, (2) the percentage of self-employed job types dropped significantly, and this lacuna was filled by freelance jobs, and (3) there is a considerable increase in women's participation in industrial design jobs, particularly in in-house positions.
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Changing pedagogic identities of tutors and students in the design studio: Case study of desk and peer critiques
(Intellect Ltd., 2020-04-01) Yorgancıoğlu, Derya; Tunali, S.; Architecture; YORGANCIOĞLU, Derya
This article explores the tools and processes of effective learning in the design studio with a special emphasis on the pedagogic roles of the tutors and the students in desk critique and peer critique. It aims to identify the ways that pedagogical roles of the tutor and the student change due to the nature of their communication and the degree of their engagement in learning processes. The inquiry is based on the findings of a qualitative case study involving tutors, students and graduates from a bachelor of architecture degree programme. Data were gathered via focus group and in-depth interviews, studio observations and analysed through qualitative content analysis. The findings indicated that the pedagogic identity of a tutor could help scaffold the formation of a community of learners in the design studio. However, the lack of negotiation and trust between a tutor and students in the feedback processes weakens the students' effective learning experiences.
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Church of Chora: Istanbul's Byzantine Marvel
(2017) Sarantopoulos, Elias; Communication Design; SARANTOPOULOS, Elias
The Church of Chora book is the most comprehensive digital guide describing some of the oldest and finest surviving Byzantine mosaics and frescoes in the Church of the Holy Saviour (formerly the Kariye Camii and now the Kariye Müzesi) in Chora located in Edirnekapı district, Istanbul, Turkey. The Church of Chora book has been created with such passion and zest, the way I always feel entering the building. The use of interactive maps, voice narrations, and videos greatly improve reader experience. It provides unique and very detailed photographs capturing some of the oldest and finest surviving Byzantine mosaics and frescoes as well as citations and references from the Old and New Testament. It gives readers an opportunity to learn about the life of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ among other biblical events. One evidently comes to appreciate the work of Theodoros Metochites, the church’s main instigator. It’s an emotional feeling one gets seeing the grand Byzantine architecture and exquisite detailed work all around the building, delivering a stunning experience for any visitor. You will dive deep into the beautiful depiction of Christianity as this digital guide will educate, entertain, and hopefully bring you to visit Istanbul and see its magnificence.
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The CoCe design space: Exploring the design space for co-located collaborative games that use multi-display composition
(ACM, 2021) Eriksson, E.; Baykal, Gökçe Elif; Torgersson, O.; Bjork, S.; Communication Design; BAYKAL, Gökçe Elif
In this paper, we map out the CoCe design space - a design space for co-located collaborative games that use multi-display composition. The design space grew out of the analysis of game instances based on the 4in1 concept. First, we did a horizontal analysis of 16 game instances with 31 corresponding gameplay design patterns (GDP), followed by a vertical analysis of 89 GDPs occurring in the description of the GDP Cooperation. Through inductive analysis, we have identified four perspectives with corresponding dimensions that span the CoCe design space. By applying the CoCe design space with game instances, we illustrate how it can be used both as an analytic tool for analysis of games and also as a generative tool in the design or re-design of cooperative games that use multi-display composition.
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Collaboration in co-located collaborative digital games - towards a quadripartite taxonomy
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2023-04-19) Baykal, Gökçe Elif; Eriksson, E.; Torgersson, O.; Communication Design; BAYKAL, Gökçe Elif
In this paper, we propose a taxonomy for the classification of collaborative interaction situations derived from studying a set of co-located collaborative gameplay sessions. The taxonomy builds on the MDA framework and Activity Theory (AT) as top-level attributes, and offers the analytical dimensions WHAT, WHO, WHEN and HOW, each containing a number of sub-categories, for evaluating different levels of collaborative interaction mediated by games. The work is based on a three stage process: design of game instances, data collection, and analysis of play sessions. This taxonomy is an initial step towards capturing the complexity of collaboration mediated by games, and helps in understanding and studying collaboration as a phenomena in game design. Our preliminary work provides a characterization of multiple dimensions of collaborative interaction, providing game designers a starting point for deeper understanding into collaborative interaction mediated by a collocated gameplay.
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Collaboration in design research: An analysis of co-authorship in 13 design research journals, 2000–2015
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) İlhan, Ali Oğulcan; Oğuz, Murat Can; Industrial Design; İLHAN, Ali Oğulcan; Oğuz, Murat Can
This paper utilizes social network analysis and multivariate statistical methods to quantitatively analyse co-authorship patterns between 2000 and 2015 in 13 influential design research journals. The results indicate that the importance and propensity of co-authorship is expanding in design research. Furthermore, the impact of an article, measured by year-adjusted citation counts, is significantly greater when it is co-authored. The structure of the co-authorship network is mostly comprised of small yet unconnected groups of authors, who seldom collaborate beyond a single article.
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Collaborative design of an active learning classroom with high school students and teachers
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020-04-30) Kepez, O.; Üst, Selin; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; ÜST, Selin
Purpose - The aim of this study is to understand classroom settings desired by high school students and teachers in an active learning classroom. The research question is whether students and teachers will differ from each other when designing an active learning classroom. Design/methodology/approach - In an effort to design a learning environment for an advanced placement programme, action research methodology was followed by conducting a participatory workshop in a real active learning classroomwith future users. Working in isolation fromone another, students and teachers designed their own classrooms by forming different learning centres. During the study, two groups, made up of ten high school students and seven teachers, respectively, were asked to arrange the furniture in an active learning classroom. The groups were free to form as many furniture arrangement configurations as they wished and were asked to write about their workshop experiences afterwards. Once they had completed both tasks, their plan layouts were examined. Findings - All of the plan layoutswere found to fall into one of three categories: a traditional layout, a small group layout or a single large group layout. The written texts were also analysed, which revealed different perspectives of each participating group. As students and teachers explore different learning opportunities, they appear to be driven by different kinds of experiences when they endeavour to organize their classrooms. Originality/value - Never before has an active learning classroom been the site for a participatory furniture arrangement workshop that employs teachers and students.
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Completing the missing link in building design process: Enhancing post-occupancy evaluation method for effective feedback for building performance
(Elsevier, 2015-07) Göçer, Özgür; Hua, Y.; Göçer, K.; Architecture; GÖÇER, Özgür
This paper provides a review of the improvements in the evaluation of building performance and introduces a new method for post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to complete the missing link in the building design process. Existing studies were reviewed to understand the possible reasons for the missing link of “building performance feedback”. The intention of this paper is to set out a new vision for how future post-occupancy evaluation can close the building performance feedback loop to better inform building design. The spatial mapping method adopted extends the use of building information modeling (BIM), which has shown great potential for the future of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, and uses geographical information systems (GIS), which is a powerful tool for analyzing and visualizing relationships between geographical units and their data. This study explores how to establish a communication platform for different stakeholders in order to engage them in the collaborative effort of continuous building performance improvement by using the results of POE embedded into BIM. In this paper, the experiences of a POE study of a LEED® Platinum building and a historical building on a university campus are reported as examples to illustrate the proposed new method.
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Comprehensive parameters for the definition of nearly zero energy and cost optimal levels considering the life cycle energy and thermal comfort of school buildings
(Elsevier, 2021-12-15) Moazzen, N.; Karagüler, M. E.; Ashrafian Bonab, Touraj; Architecture; ASHRAFIAN BONAB, Touraj
There has been an increasing interest in studying energy efficiency in buildings in the recent years, as they account for a significant portion of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. While most of the studies focus on the buildings' operational phase, a substantial part of buildings' energy consumption is disguised as embodied energy. It is impossible to have a zero energy building, as it is necessary to use materials to build the building, and those materials need to produce and transport energy. Life cycle analysis is the utmost efficient method to assess how a building affects the environment. Notably, the impact of buildings on the environment across their lifespans are determined by some factors, which comprise materials, design, construction, use and demolition. The study aims to present the implementation of a life cycle approach and occupant thermal comfort during the school building's energy efficiency design. The study's principal objective focuses on the energy use and environmental impact linked to various alternatives of building envelopes in different climates. Within this context, a reference building located in three different climatic regions of Turkey is investigated. Two ranges of efficiency comprise the focal points of the study. Cost-optimal and nearly zero energy levels are defined for each city. In the hot climate, the cost-optimal scenario cannot improve the comfort conditions, whereas the nZEB scenario improves slightly in such a context. In temperate and cold climates, both strategies can improve comfort conditions. The share of embodied energy and carbon in the nZEB level can reach higher than 80 percent, whereas it is lower than 15 percent in the cost-optimal level.
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The contextual information requirements for collection and use of occupant feedback in BIM-enabled FM
(Emerald, 2023) Artan, D.; Tekçe, Işılay; Yilmaz, N.; Ergen, E.; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; TEKÇE, Işılay
Purpose: Occupant feedback is crucial for healthy, comfortable and productive offices. Existing facility management (FM) systems are limited in effective use of occupant feedback, as they fail to collect the vital contextual information (e.g. related building element, space) associated with the feedback. The purpose of this study is to formalise the contextual information requirements for structured collection of occupant feedback for rapid diagnosis and resolution of problems and integrating occupant feedback with building information modelling (BIM) for making use of its visualisation and analysis capabilities, and eventually for effective use of occupant feedback in FM operations. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-methods approach was conducted in four steps: (1) identifying occupant feedback types (e.g. echo in meeting room) in office buildings, (2) examining the current practice in collecting and processing occupant feedback via use cases, (3) determining the contextual information requirements via expert interviews and (4) validation of the information requirements via a BIM-integrated prototype. Findings: The findings present the contextual information requirements for 107 occupant feedback types grouped under thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort, visual comfort, building design and facility services. Practical implications: Feedback-specific contextual information items enable structured data collection and help to avoid missing data and minimise the time lost in manual data entry and recursive interaction with the occupants during FM operations. Originality/value: The contextual information requirements determined are expected to enhance occupant satisfaction and FM performance in office buildings by better use of the occupant feedback and integration into BIM-enabled FM and can be extended to other building types in future studies by using the proposed methodology.
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A course on biomimetic design strategies
(Ecaade-Education & Research Computer Aided Architectural Design Europe, 2015) Yazıcı, Sevil; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; YAZICI, Sevil
Although redesigning curricula by integrating the CAD tools into architectural education has been an ongoing interest, a new understanding towards solving design problems holistically should be investigated in architectural education. Because natural systems offer design strategies to increase performance and effectiveness with an extensive formal repertoire; incorporating multi-faceted biomimetic principles into the design process is necessary. It is critical to increase skills of students towards algorithmic thinking, as well as to deal with performance issues and sustainability. This paper aims to discuss an undergraduate elective course titled "Sustainable Design and Environment through Biomimicry" which was taught by the author in architectural degree program of Ozyegin University Faculty of Architecture and Design in Fall 2014-2015. Following the exploration of individual research topics, findings were implemented into design problems. The challenges encountered in the teaching process and future lines of the work are discussed in the paper.

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