Business Administration

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10679/42

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The 39th international conference of the EURO working group on operational research applied to health services: ORAHS 2013 special issue
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2015-09) Çayırlı, Tuğba; Gunal, M. M.; Gunes, E.; Ormeci, L.; Business Administration; ÇAYIRLI, Tuğba
The healthcare sector is facing major challenges worldwide in terms of higher demands for efficiency, quality and equity. Operational Research (OR) techniques offer valuable tools for improving the design and delivery of healthcare services (e.g., inpatient and outpatient care, admission processes, emergency services, home healthcare, etc.), as well as improving the decision-making processes and implementation of public health policies.
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Accelerated learning of user profiles
(Informs, 2011-02) Atahan, Pelin; Sarkar, S.; Sectoral Education and Professional Development; DEMİRCİLER, Pelin Atahan
Websites typically provide several links on each page visited by a user. Whereas some of these links help users easily navigate the site, others are typically used to provide targeted recommendations based on the available user profile. When the user profile is not available (or is inadequate), the site cannot effectively target products, promotions, and advertisements. In those situations, the site can learn the profile of a user as the user traverses the site. Naturally, the faster the site can learn a user's profile, the sooner the site can benefit from personalization. We develop a technique that sites can use to learn the profile as quickly as possible. The technique identifies links for sites to make available that will lead to a more informative profile when the user chooses one of the offered links. Experiments conducted using our approach demonstrate that it enables learning the profiles markedly better after very few user interactions as compared to benchmark approaches. The approach effectively learns multiple attributes simultaneously, can learn well classes that have highly skewed priors, and remains quite effective even when the distribution of link profiles at a site is relatively homogeneous. The approach works particularly well when a user's traversal is influenced by the most recently visited pages on a site. Finally, we show that the approach is robust to noise in the estimates for the probability parameters needed for its implementation.
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Action research contextualizes DEA in a multi-organizational decision-making process
(Elsevier, 2012-06-01) Oral, Muhittin; Business Administration; ORAL, Muhittin
The theory of participatory action research (PAR) grew out of the practice of problem-solving in groups and organization by involving the participation of all pertinent stakeholders in decision-making process through empowerment. The ontological assumption is that “the world out there” is defined by the participating stakeholders as they understand and perceive it. The actionable knowledge thus produced is mostly used subjectively in the hope of a favorable organizational change or a transformation for betterment. On the other hand, Management Science/Operations Research (MS/OR) is more concerned with epistemological objectivity in identifying and defining managerial issues and finding solutions. In this paper we shall show that MS/OR can benefit from and contribute to PAR in complex decision making contexts. This kind of mutual benefit will be illustrated through a study reported in the area of R&D planning. It will be shown that PAR “contextualizes” problem structuring whereas MS/OR “optimizes” the consensual decision-making process in a multi-organizational context.
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An actor-network theory (ANT) approach: analysis of Turkish e-government gateway initiative
(2009) Aykaç, Didem Selcen Öztürkcan; Kervenoael, R. de; Kasap, N.; Eryarsoy, E.; Business Administration; ÖZTÜRKCAN AYKAÇ, Didem Selcen
There are various models proposed in the literature to analyze trajectories of e-Government projects in terms of success and failure. Yet, only the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) perspective (Heeks and Stanforth, 2007) considers the interaction factors among network actors and actants. This paper proposes the ANT for approaching to the Turkish e-Government Gateway initiative as a case study. In doing so, it provides valuable insight in terms of both local and global actornetworks which surround the initiative.
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Addressing endogeneity in the causal relationship between sustainability and financial performance
(Elsevier, 2019-04) Soytaş, Mehmet Ali; Denizel, M.; Uşar, Damla Durak; Economics; SOYTAŞ, Mehmet Ali; Uşar, Damla Durak
The existing empirical literature on the relationship between corporate sustainability performance and corporate financial performance casts doubt on the direction of this relationship although more studies point out a direction from sustainability to performance. Literature also presents a gap in addressing the mechanism(s) of the relationship that hinders the convergence of the empirical findings and only recently the question of causality is being addressed with modern econometric techniques. We argue that due to the potential endogeneity problem in the relationship, an empirical strategy without a theoretical base may result in inconclusive or misleading conclusions. We address the potential endogeneity problem in the relationship and identify the possible causes of this endogeneity as: (i) firm level heterogeneity in financial returns, (ii) the relationship between firm's productivity level and the marginal cost of sustainability initiatives, and (iii) measurement error. We implement Instrumental Variable (IV) technique to overcome these biases. Our results present empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that corporate sustainability is positively related (possibly causally) with corporate financial performance. We further find that sustainability initiatives are more costly for companies that are more productive; thus, they have less incentive to invest. Finally, measurement error in the sustainability metrics does not play a crucial role.
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Alışveri̇ş merkezleri̇ni̇n Türki̇ye’deki̇ mevzuat çerçevesi̇nde değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇
(Middle East Technical University Faculty of Architecture, 2017) Ceylan, R.; Özbakır, B. A.; Erol, Işıl; International Finance; EROL, Işıl
Küresel ölçekte alışveriş merkezlerinin tarihsel gelişim süreci incelendiğinde, ticaret alanlarının alışveriş merkezlerine dönüşüm sürecinde ilk adımların Avrupa’da atıldığı bilinmektedir (Birol, 2005; Geç, 2008 ve Kiriş, 2010). Günümüz alışveriş merkezlerinin ilk örnekleri ise Amerika’da görülmüştür. Kısa bir süre içerisinde modern alışveriş merkezlerinin ilk benzerleri Türkiye de dâhil olmak üzere pek çok ülkede inşa edilmiştir. 1950’li yıllarda Türkiye’nin, gelişmiş ülkelerin perakende sektörü düzenlemelerinden önemli ölçüde etkilendiği görülmektedir. Bu durumun bir sonucu olarak Türkiye’de Migros ve Gima gibi perakende zinciri olan büyük markalar açılmış ve bir perakende altyapısı oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Oluşturulan bu perakende altyapısı, Türkiye’de alışveriş merkezlerinin açılmasında bir altyapı görevi görmüştür. 1990’lı yıllara gelindiğinde, liberal ekonomik politikaların benimsenmesiyle birlikte, toplumdaki yaşam tarzları ve istekleri değişmeye başlamıştır. Ekonominin yabancı sermayeye açılmasının bir yansıması olarak tüketicilerin ithal mallara olan ilgisi artmış ve bu ürünlerin bulunduğu alışveriş merkezleri (AVM) talep görmeye başlamıştır. İstanbul’daki Galleria AVM (1988) ve Ankara’daki Atakule AVM (1989), Türkiye’deki alışveriş merkezlerinin ilk örnekleri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Türkiye’de 2008-2009 küresel finans krizi döneminde dahi 70 adet AVM’nin açılması, AVM gelişiminin oldukça hızlı olduğunu göstermektedir. 2014 yılında Türkiye genelinde faaliyet halinde, inşaat halinde ve proje aşamasında olmak üzere toplam 412 adet AVM bulunmaktadır ve bu merkezlerin toplam kiralanabilir alanı 10,8 milyon m2’ye ulaşmıştır (AARREC, 2015). Bu çalışmanın amacı; günümüzde kentsel alanlarda önemli bir yer edinen ve kentsel sistemi doğrudan etkileyen alışveriş merkezlerini ve alışveriş merkezlerinin gelişimini, Türkiye’deki mevcut mevzuat çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, planlama dinamikleri çerçevesinde ticaret alanları ve AVM’lerin, dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki tarihsel gelişim süreçleri özetlenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise, ülkemizde AVM’lerin planlanmasına yönelik olan üç farklı kanun ve yedi yönetmelik detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bu inceleme sonucunda güncel mevzuatta eksik bulunan boyutlar ele alınmış ve detaylandırılması gerekli olan konular altı ana değişken altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değişkenleri; tanımlar, standartlar ve sınıflandırmalar, yer seçimi kararları, ekolojik çevrenin korunması, ulaşım ve otopark altyapısı, planlar arasındaki hiyerarşi ve lejant içerikleri olarak tanımlamak mümkündür. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde, dünyada ve Türkiye’de alışveriş merkezlerine yönelik politika ve mevzuatın gelişimi ülke örnekleri üzerinden tartışılarak, farklılıklar ve benzerlikler üzerine bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise tüm değerlendirme sonuçları özetlenmiş ve mevzuat içerisinde ele alınmayan diğer önemli konulara dikkat çekilmeye çalışılmıştır.
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Altering the environment to improve appointment system performance
(Informs, 2019-06) Çayırlı, Tuğba; Yang, K. K.; Business Administration; ÇAYIRLI, Tuğba
Current research on clinic performance is focused primarily on appointment scheduling rather than shaping the clinical environments. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the total cost performance of a clinic, measured as a weighted sum of patients' wait times and physician's idle time and overtime. The environmental factors investigated include the variability of service times, the probabilities of no-shows and walk-ins, the number of appointments per session, and the cost ratio of physician's time to patients' time. The effects of these factors are evaluated using a near-optimal rule that already adjusts the patients' appointment times to minimize the negative effects of these factors so that their residual or true effects on total cost performance can be isolated. As a result, this study provides useful insights for healthcare practitioners in prioritizing their efforts in managing the different sources of variability to further improve the clinic performance beyond the use of an optimal or near-optimal appointment rule. Additional experiments are conducted on the effects of patient and physician unpunctuality, which have been studied to a lesser extent in prior literature.
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Analysis of customer switching behavior in omni-channel retailing
(Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers, IISE, 2020) Cesaret, Bahriye; Bayram, A.; Business Administration; CESARET, Bahriye
Omni-channel retailing is a recent approach that allows customers to purchase products from anywhere and return them anywhere and allows retailers to fulfill orders from anywhere. This flexibility improves the customer experience by integrating all channels, allows retailers to achieve more availability and drives the sales and traffic of the retailers. In this study, we consider two omni-channel implementations: (i) ship-from-store, and (ii) home delivery, by considering customer switching behavior across the sales channels. Store customers can be fulfilled in store or they can ask for home delivery. Online orders, on the other hand, can be shipped either from the fulfillment center or from any other store location that maximizes the overall profit of the retailer. We further consider that both store and online customers can switch across channels. We build a dynamic programming framework to investigate optimal fulfillment decisions for both online and store orders. We incorporate the uncertainty both in demand and in the cost of shipment to individual customers. We present our results through optimal fulfillment strategies and numerical experiments.
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App popularity: Where in the world are consumers most sensitive to price and user ratings?
(American Marketing Association, 2018-09) Kubler, Raoul Volker; Pauwels, K. H.; Yıldırım, G.; Fandrich, T.; Business Administration; KÜBLER, Raoul Volker
Many companies compete globally in a world in which user ratings and price are important drivers of performance but whose importance may differ by country. This study builds on the cultural, economic, and structural differences across countries to examine how app popularity reacts to price and ratings, controlling for product characteristics. Estimated across 60 countries, a dynamic panel model with product-specific effects reveals that price sensitivity is higher in countries with higher masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. Ratings valence sensitivity is higher in countries with higher individualism and uncertainty avoidance, while ratings volume sensitivity is higher in countries with higher power distance and uncertainty avoidance and those that are richer and have more income equality. For managers, the authors visualize country groups and calculate how much price should decrease to compensate for a negative review or lack of reviews. For researchers, they highlight the moderators of the volume and valence effects of online ratings, which are becoming ubiquitous in this connected world.
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The appreciative democratic voice of DEA: a case of faculty academic performance evaluation
(Elsevier, 2014-03) Oral, Muhittin; Oukil, A.; Malouin, J.-L.; Kettani, O.; Business Administration; ORAL, Muhittin
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is in fact more than just being an instrument for measuring the relative efficiencies of a group of decision making units (DMU). DEA models are also means of expressing appreciative democratic voices of DMUs. This paper proposes a methodology for allocating premium points to a group of professors using three models sequentially: (1) a DEA model for appreciative academic self-evaluation, (2) a DEA model for appreciative academic cross-evaluation, and (3) a Non-DEA model for academic rating of professors for the purpose of premium allocations. The premium results, called DEA results, are then compared with the premium points “nurtured” by the Dean, called N bonus points. After comparing DEA results and N bonus points, the Dean reassessed his initial bonus points and provided new ones – called DEA-N decisions. The experience indicates that judgmental decisions (Dean's evaluations) can be enhanced by making use of formal models (DEA and Non-DEA models). Moreover, the appreciative and democratic voices of professors are virtually embedded in the DEA models.
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Approximating vehicle dispatch probabilities for emergency service systems with location-specific service times and multiple units per location
(Informs, 2009-02) Budge, S.; Ingolfsson, A.; Erkut, Erhan; Business Administration; ERKUT, Erhan
To calculate many of the important performance measures for an emergency response system, one requires knowledge of the probability that a particular server will respond to an incoming call at a particular location. Estimating these "dispatch probabilities" is complicated by four important characteristics of emergency service systems. We discuss these characteristics and extend previous approximation methods for calculating dispatch probabilities to account for the possibilities of workload variation by station, multiple vehicles per station, call- and station-dependent service times, and server cooperation and dependence.
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Are crowdsourcing announcements signals of customer orientation? A comparison of consumer responses to product- versus communication-related campaigns
(Emerald, 2023-05-05) Wen, Xiaohan Hannah; Atakan, S. S.; Business Administration; WEN, Xıaohan
Purpose: This study aims to examine consumers’ responses to crowdsourcing campaigns in the request initiation stage using the signaling theory from economics. The purpose of the research is threefold. First, it provides a comprehensive classification of various task types within crowdsourcing. Second, it conceptualizes crowdsourcing announcements as signals of customer orientation and empirically tests the differential effects of the two most common crowdsourcing task types (product- and communication-related) on customer orientation perceptions. Third, it illuminates the downstream behavioral consequences of crowdsourcing campaign announcements. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted secondary data analysis of 883 crowdsourcing campaigns (pilot study) to provide evidence on the differential effects of crowdsourcing task types. In addition, four laboratory experiments were conducted to test the theoretical arguments. To test the main effect of crowdsourcing task types, Study 1A (N = 252 MTurk workers) used a one-factor (product- vs communication-related crowdsourcing vs control) between-subject design, whereas Study 1B (N = 171 undergraduate students) used a 2 (task type: product- vs communication-related) by 2 (product category: restaurant vs fashion) between-subject design. Study 2 (N = 93 MTurk workers) explored the underlying mechanism using a one-factor (product- vs communication-related) between-subject design. Study 3 (N = 375 MTurk workers) investigated the boundary condition for the effect of task type with a 2 (task type: product- vs communication-related) by 3 (company credibility: low vs neutral vs high) between-subject design. Findings: The pilot study provides evidence for the conceptualized typology and the differential effects of crowdsourcing task types. Study 1A reveals that product-related crowdsourcing tends to have a more substantial impact than communication-related crowdsourcing on how customer-oriented consumers perceive a company. Study 1B validates the results of Study 1A in a different product category and population sample. Study 2 shows that the differential customer-orientation effect is mediated by the perceived cost of implementing the crowdsourcing outcome and unravels the differences in consumers’ purchase and campaign participation intentions depending on task type. Study 3 highlights that the customer-orientation effect attenuates as company credibility increases. Research limitations/implications: This research contributes to the crowdsourcing literature by categorizing the various types of crowdsourcing campaigns companies undertake and revealing the differential impact of the different types of crowdsourcing campaigns on consumers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions. In doing so, this research converges two lines of consumer research on crowdsourcing, i.e. product- and communication-related crowdsourcing. The findings add to the debate over the returns from research and development (R&D) versus advertising and extend it from marketing strategy to crowdsourcing literature. Practical implications: The findings highlight the importance of choosing specific task types for crowdsourcing and lead to practical recommendations on designing crowdsourcing campaigns to maximize their benefits to crowdsourcing brands. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that differentiates crowdsourcing task types and compares their effectiveness from a consumer perspective.
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Assessment of patient classification in appointment system design
(Production and Operations Management Society, 2008-05) Çayırlı, Tuğba; Veral, E.; Rosen, H.; Business Administration; ÇAYIRLI, Tuğba
This paper investigates two approaches to patient classification: using patient classification only for sequencing patient appointments at the time of booking and using patient classification for both sequencing and appointment interval adjustment. In the latter approach, appointment intervals are adjusted to match the consultation time characteristics of different patient classes. Our simulation results indicate that new appointment systems that utilize interval adjustment for patient class are successful in improving doctors' idle time, doctors' overtime and patients' waiting times without any trade-offs. Best performing appointment systems are identified for different clinic environments characterized characterized by walk-ins, no-shows, the percentage of new patients, and the ratio of the mean consultation time of new patients to the mean consultation time of return patients. As a result, practical guidelines are developed for managers who are responsible for designing appointment systems.
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Baked beats grilled: a calorie analysis of 18,000 menu items in fast food chain restaurants
(Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2017) Wansink, B.; Mukund, A.; Atakan, Şükriye Sinem; Business Administration; ATAKAN, Şükriye Sinem
Fast food and chain restaurants often give the menu items descriptive names related to the production processes (e.g., baked, fried, grilled, glazed). Do these descriptions in a food’s name provide a useful indication of its calorie content? This study analyzed 342 different words that form the names of 18,614 menu items across 66 high-traffic, affordable American restaurant chains (e.g., Starbucks, Applebee’s, Panera Bread, Bojangles). Of the 342 words, 31 were related to production processes. A statistical analysis involving the calorie levels associated with the 31 words revealed that words related to batter and cheese – such as melt (+59%), topped (99%), or fried (38%) – were significantly higher in calories than the average. Interestingly, entries that were reliably lower in calories than average were either related to cutting techniques – such as sliced (−72%) or diced (−96%) – or how it was cooked – steamed (−43%), smoked (−30%), roasted (−27%), or baked (−26%). The findings suggest that it is possible to infer caloric levels from the preparation methods noted in the name of a menu item at a restaurant. Health conscious consumers would be well served to choose menu items described with cutting techniques (e.g., sliced, diced) and should be extra cautious when uttering menu names related to batter and cheese.
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Battle of the brand fans: impact of brand attack and defense on social media(article)
(Elsevier, 2018-08) Ilhan, B. E.; Kubler, Raoul Volker; Pauwels, K. H.; Business Administration; KÜBLER, Raoul Volker
Fans of a brand attack fans of rival brands on social media. Given the nature of such rival brand fan attacks, managers are unsure about how much control they should exercise on brand-negative comments on their owned social media touchpoints, and what brand actions drive these Attack, Defense and Across (ADA) posts. Multimethod analysis identifies ADA's impact across industries of technology, fast food, toothpaste, beverages, and sports apparel. Sentiment analysis identifies that fans posting in both communities stimulate both brand-negative and brand-positive comments. Despite their relatively low prevalence (1–6% of all posts), ADA posts induce broader social-media brand engagement as they substantially increase and prolong the effects of managerial control variables such as communication campaigns and new-product introductions. Brand managers, thus, have specific levers to stimulate the positive consequences of rival brand fan posting on their owned media.
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Big and lean is beautiful: a conceptual framework for data-based learning in marketing management
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019-09-19) Soyer, E.; Pauwels, K.; Seggie, Steven Head; Entrepreneurship; Rindfleisch, A.; Malter, A. J.; SEGGIE, Steven Head
While Big Data offer marketing managers information that is high in volume, variety, velocity, and veracity (the 4Vs), these features wouldn't necessarily improve their decision-making. Managers would still be vulnerable to confirmation bias, control illusions, communication problems, and confidence issues (the 4Cs). The authors argue that traditional remedies for such biases don't go far enough and propose a lean start-up approach to data-based learning in marketing management. Specifically, they focus on the marketing analytics component of Big Data and how adaptations of the lean start-up methodology can be used in some combination with such analytics to help marketing managers improve their decision-making and innovation process. Beyond the often discussed technical obstacles and operational costs associated with handling Big Data, this chapter contributes by analyzing the various learning and decision-making problems that can emerge once the 4Vs of Big Data have materialized.
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Book review: Debating business school legitimacy: attacking, rocking, and defending the status quo
(Sage, 2023-12) Üsdiken, Behlül; Örtenblad, A.; Koris, R.; Business Administration; ÜSDİKEN, Behlül
N/A
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Build-to-order meets global sourcing: planning challenge for the auto industry
(Springer, 2011) Matoğlu, Melda Örmeci; Vande Vate, J.; International Finance; ÖRMECİ MATOĞLU, Melda
Auto manufacturers today face many challenges: The industry is plagued with excess capacity that drives down prices, international competitors are seizing share at both ends of the market and consumers are well informed about options and prices. All these factors combine to heighten competitive pressures, squeeze margins, and leave manufacturers struggling to increase revenues and market share.
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A buyer-vendor system with untimely delivery costs: Traditional coordination vs. VMI with consignment stock
(Elsevier, 2021-04) Çömez-Dolgan, Nagihan; Moussawi-Haidar, L.; Jaber, M. Y.; Management Information Systems; ÇÖMEZ DOLGAN, Nagihan
This paper investigates the impact of coordinating a two-level supply chain that consists of a single-vendor and a single-buyer in the presence of untimely delivery costs. Specifically, early and late deliveries outside an agreed-upon delivery window are penalized. We investigate the replenishment policies of the vendor and the buyer with and without coordination. We show that untimely deliveries increase the replenishment cycle of the buyer, whether it coordinates with the vendor or not. More importantly, under untimely deliveries, coordination has a noticeable impact on aligning the decisions of both players, which is shown to be much more valuable in decreasing total costs. Implementing a coordinated solution becomes beneficial when the vendor's penalty and holding costs are high, the delivery window is narrow, and the buyer's holding and ordering costs are low. Next, we compare the traditional replenishment coordination mechanism with a vendor-managed-inventory (VMI) mechanism with consignment stock (CS) under untimely deliveries. We compare two coordination mechanisms, VMI-CS and traditional, and show that VMI-CS outperforms the other when the delivery times are random, but not so when the conditions are deterministic.
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Campaign participation prediction with deep learning
(Elsevier, 2021-08) Ayvaz, Demet; Aydoğan, Reyhan; Akçura, Munir Tolga; Şensoy, Murat; Business Administration; Computer Science; AYDOĞAN, Reyhan; AKÇURA, Münir Tolga; ŞENSOY, Murat; Ayvaz, Demet
Increasingly, on-demand nature of customer interactions put pressure on companies to build real-time campaign management systems. Instead of having managers to decide on the campaign rules, such as, when, how and whom to offer, creating intelligent campaign management systems that can automate such decisions is essential. In addition, regulations or company policies usually restrict the number of accesses to the customers. Efficient learning of customer behaviour through dynamic campaign participation observations becomes a crucial feature that may ultimately define customer satisfaction and retention. This paper builds on the recent successes of deep learning techniques and proposes a classification model to predict customer responses for campaigns. Classic deep neural networks are good at learning hidden relations within data (i.e., patterns) but with limited capability for memorization. One solution to increase memorization is to use manually craft features, as in Wide & Deep networks, which are originally proposed for Google Play App. recommendations. We advocate using decision trees as an easier way of mining high-level relationships for enhancing Wide & Deep networks. Such an approach has the added benefit of beating manually created rules, which, most of the time, use incomplete data and have biases. A set of comprehensive experiments on campaign participation data from a leading GSM provider shows that automatically crafted features make a significant increase in the accuracy and outperform Deep and Wide & Deep models with manually crafted features.

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