Advancing humanoid robots for social integration: Evaluating trustworthiness through a social cognitive framework

Abstract

Trust is an essential concept for human-human and human-robot interactions. Yet only a few studies have addressed this concept from a robot perspective - that is, forming robot trust in interaction partners. Our previous robot trust model relies on assessing the trustworthiness of the interaction partners based on the computational cognitive load incurred during the interactive task [1]. However, this model does not take into account the social markers indicative of trustworthiness, such as the gestures displayed by a human partner. In this study, we make a step toward this point by extending the model by integrating a social cue processing module to achieve social human-robot interaction. This new model serves as a novel social cognitive trust framework to enable the Pepper robot to evaluate the trustworthiness of its interaction partners based on both cognitive load (i.e., the cost of perceptual processing) and social cues (i.e., their gestures). For evaluating the efficacy of the framework, the Pepper robot with the developed model is put to interact with human partners who may take the roles of a reliable, unreliable, deceptive, or random suggestion providing partner. Overall, the results indicate that the proposed framework allows the Pepper robot to differentiate the guiding strategies of the partners by detecting deceptive partners and thus select a trustworthy partner in case of a free choice to perform the next task.