Publication: Yüz naklinin İspanya'daki hukuksal görünümü
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Ölen bir kimseden bacak, kol ve hatta yüz nakledilmesi artık Adli- Kurgu-Tarihine ait bir şey olmayıp, son on yıl içinde ağır bedensel durumda bulunan insana normal yaşamı sunan bir gerçekliktir. Yüz nakli, iyileşti- rici/tamir edici doku naklinin bir türüdür. Bu mikro cerrahi müdahalesinde, yüz doku yapısı, örneğin ölen bir kimsenin burun, deri, dil veya göz kapağı, varolmayan yüz veya bunun bir kısmını oluşturmak içi, tıpkı bir maske gibi hastaya nakledilir. Tıbbın birçok deneysel alanlarında olduğu gibi, İs- panya’daki yüz naklı çok açık bir biçimde hukuksal bir sürecin gelişimine yol açtı. Bununla birlikte, VCA’ya ilişkin hukuksal belirsizlik diğer ülke- lerde de karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Organ nakli İspanyol Nakil Kanunu (Or- gan alımı ve nakline ilişkin 27 Ekim 1979 tarih ve 30/1979 sayılı Kanun) ve İspanyol Naklin Düzenlenmesi Tüzüğü (İnsan organlarının kazanımı ve kilinik yararlanılmasına ilişkin faaliyetler ve bağışların mülkilik sistemine göre düzenlenmesi ile organ ve dokuların naklini düzenleyen 2070/1999 sayı ve 30 Aralık 1999 tarihli Krallık tasarrufu) ile düzenlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, organ nakli mevzuatı içinde, doku nakli için de geçerli olan hüküm- ler de vardır. Buna ilişkin bir örnek, İspanyol Nakil Kanunu’nun 5. maddesidir. Buna göre, ilgili kimse açıkça aksine bir açıklamada bulunma- mışsa, ölen bir kimsenin organları veya diğer vücut parçaları tedavi veya araştırma amaçlı alınabilir. Ayrıca, İspanyol Nakil Kanunu’nun ikinci ek maddesine göre, saydam tabaka ve diğer dokuların hukuk düzeni tarafından düzenlenmiş nakil amacıyla alınabilir. Yine, İspanyol Nakil Kanunu’nun bağış ve nakille ilgili faaliyetlerin uluslararası koordinasyonu hakkındaki V. Bölümü’nün hükümleri, aşikar bir surette insan dokularının alınması nakli- nin uluslararası koordinasyonu açısından da geçerlidir.
In last 10 years, transplantations of legs, arms and face from a dead body is not just in a fiction stories but a reality for people who are physically harmed. Transplantation of face is a type of transplantation of tissue that recuperates and repaires the body. In this microsurgery, the structure of tissue like nose, skin, tongue or eyelid from dead body is transferred to the patient like a mask for forming the face or the part of the face. Like other experimental areas in medicine, the transplantation of face caused the development of legal procedure in Spain. Nevertheless, the legal ambiguity for VCA has also seen in other countries. Transplantation of organs is regulated with Spanish Transplantation Act (about transplantation of organs, 27.10.1979, numbered 30/1979 Act) and Spanish Transplantation Regulation (it is regulted with the activities regarding clinical utilisation of human organs and arranging the donations according to territorial system and with Royalt Act(30.12.1999, numbered 2070/1999) that regulates transplantation of organ and tissue). In addition to this, in the legislation of transplantation of organ, there are provisions that can applied to transplantation of tissue. The fifth article of Spanish Transplantation Act is an example of this. Accordingly, if the person doesnt make any explanation clearly, then that person’s organs and some parts of body can be taken for treatment and research purposes from the dead body. Moreover, according to the second additional article in Spanish Transplantation Act, transparent layer and other tissues can be taken for transplantation purposes if it is regulated by legal order. Also, the provisions of the fifth chapter of Spanish Transplantation Act which is about international coordination of activites about donation and transplantation is also in force for international coordination about receving human tissues.
In last 10 years, transplantations of legs, arms and face from a dead body is not just in a fiction stories but a reality for people who are physically harmed. Transplantation of face is a type of transplantation of tissue that recuperates and repaires the body. In this microsurgery, the structure of tissue like nose, skin, tongue or eyelid from dead body is transferred to the patient like a mask for forming the face or the part of the face. Like other experimental areas in medicine, the transplantation of face caused the development of legal procedure in Spain. Nevertheless, the legal ambiguity for VCA has also seen in other countries. Transplantation of organs is regulated with Spanish Transplantation Act (about transplantation of organs, 27.10.1979, numbered 30/1979 Act) and Spanish Transplantation Regulation (it is regulted with the activities regarding clinical utilisation of human organs and arranging the donations according to territorial system and with Royalt Act(30.12.1999, numbered 2070/1999) that regulates transplantation of organ and tissue). In addition to this, in the legislation of transplantation of organ, there are provisions that can applied to transplantation of tissue. The fifth article of Spanish Transplantation Act is an example of this. Accordingly, if the person doesnt make any explanation clearly, then that person’s organs and some parts of body can be taken for treatment and research purposes from the dead body. Moreover, according to the second additional article in Spanish Transplantation Act, transparent layer and other tissues can be taken for transplantation purposes if it is regulated by legal order. Also, the provisions of the fifth chapter of Spanish Transplantation Act which is about international coordination of activites about donation and transplantation is also in force for international coordination about receving human tissues.
Date
2012
Publisher
Legal Yayıncılık