Demand-driven electricity supply options of electric vehicles: modelling, simulation, and management strategy of public charging stations

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss the challenges and research opportunities in the demand-driven electricity supply options of electric vehicles (EVs) at public charging stations (CSs). EVs have gained increased attention in recent years due to the need for clean energy sources and growing global warming discussions. Major automakers have already stated that RandD efforts for gasoline and diesel vehicles will be ceased by 2025. Even if, these may result in the rapid adoption of EVs in upcoming years, there are still open problems with the public CSs restricting the widespread use of EVs. In this study, we discuss some of the strategic, tactical, and operational level problems related to public CSs. We explain an existing mathematical model computing the location of public CSs and discuss possible extensions. Once the locations of public CSs are fixed, we explain how to model a public CS by simulation varying the number and type of chargers. We also report the energy consumption and utilization of chargers and introduce different charging policies (with/without valet service). We also discuss different pricing models and remaining open problems on how to best design public CSs.