Kabbani, TaylanDuman, Ekrem2023-08-112023-08-1120222169-3536http://hdl.handle.net/10679/8644https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3203697Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms can scale to previously intractable problems. The automation of profit generation in the stock market is possible using DRL, by combining the financial assets price 'prediction' step and the 'allocation' step of the portfolio in one unified process to produce fully autonomous systems capable of interacting with their environment to make optimal decisions through trial and error. This work represents a DRL model to generate profitable trades in the stock market, effectively overcoming the limitations of supervised learning approaches. We formulate the trading problem as a Partially Observed Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model, considering the constraints imposed by the stock market, such as liquidity and transaction costs. We then solve the formulated POMDP problem using the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm reporting a 2.68 Sharpe Ratio on unseen data set (test data). From the point of view of stock market forecasting and the intelligent decision-making mechanism, this paper demonstrates the superiority of DRL in financial markets over other types of machine learning and proves its credibility and advantages in strategic decision-making.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalopenAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/article10935649357400085380780000110.1109/ACCESS.2022.3203697Autonomous agentDeep reinforcement learningMDPSentiment analysisStock marketTechnical indicatorsTwin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient2-s2.0-85137848489