Chatzidiamantis, N. D.Uysal, MuratTsiftsis, T. A.Karagiannidis, G. K.2011-02-182011-02-182010-040733-8724http://hdl.handle.net/10679/148https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2009.2038724Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.A major performance-limiting factor in terrestrial optical wireless (OW) systems is turbulence-induced fading. Exploiting the additional degrees of freedom in the spatial dimension, multiple laser transmitters combined with multiple receive apertures provide an effective solution for fading mitigation. Although multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OWsystems have been extensively studied in recent years, most of these works are mainly limited to symbol-by-symbol decoding. MLSD exploits the temporal correlation of turbulence-induced fading and promises further performance gains. In this paper, we investigate MLSD for intensity-modulation/direct-detection MIMO OW systems over log-normal atmospheric turbulence channels. Even with a low-order modulation scheme such as OOK, which is typically used inOWsystems, the complexity ofMLSD might be prohibitive. We therefore present an iterative sequence detector based on the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is considerably less than a direct evaluation of the log-likelihood function, and it is independent of the channel’s fading statistics. The Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the EM-based algorithm outperforms the symbol-by-symbol decoder and achieves a performance, which lies within 0.3 dB of that of the optimal MLSD.engrestrictedAccessarticle2871064107000027529870000510.1109/JLT.2009.2038724Atmospheric turbulenceExpectation–maximization (EM) algorithmFree-space optical communicationMLSDMaximum-likelihood (ML) symbol-by-symbol detectionSpatial diversity2-s2.0-79960955456