Publication: Die mohammedanisch-arabische Kulturperiode und Bebels Kritik am Orientalismus
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Bedeutende Denkfiguren des Westens, die ausgehend von dem Aufstieg des Kapitalismus insbesondere zu Zeiten der Frühmoderne sehr auf die immer stärker werdenden europäischen Stadtstaaten und das durch diese herbeigeführte Kulturgut fokussiert waren, haben den Osten zumeist als in sich konstant bleibend und den gesellschaftlichen Charakter östlicher Kulturen als despotisch definiert. In einer Phase, in der der Kapitalismus mit Hilfe des Kolonialismus noch mehr an Macht gewann, war der Osten nicht mal mehr ein Rivale, sondern gelang unter die Herrschaft der westlichen Mächte, sodass die Gegenübersetzung von westlichen und östlichen Werten und deren Gedankengut so gut wie nicht mehr möglich war. In einer solchen von der Mehrheit der Intellektuellen des Westens akzeptierten Herangehensweise dominierten Atmosphäre ist es besonders von Belang, wie die Sozialisten Europas bzw. Deutschlands, die das Bürgertum in ihrem eigenen Land von Grund auf kritisierten, den Osten rezipierten. Der Orientalismus diente sicher nicht nur dazu, den Osten abzuwerten. Die besondere Hervorhebung westlicher Werte, die das Bürgertum repräsentierte, diente auch als Mittel zur Unterdrückung der Arbeiterklasse in westlichen Ländern. Aus diesem Grund haben führende Sozialisten Europas den Orientalismus kritisiert, der als Denkweise ein Produkt kapitalistischer Prozesse ist. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem Werk Die mohammedanisch-arabische Kulturperiode von August Bebel mit der Absicht, aufzuzeigen, inwiefern Bebel den Osten neu definiert und mit seiner Kritik am Orientalismus die Probleme des westlichen Gedankenguts unterstreicht. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es Ziel dieser Arbeit, darauf hinzuweisen, dass Bebels so frühe Kritik am Orientalismus angesichts der heute noch immer präsenten abwertenden Haltung gegenüber dem Orient wegweisend sein kann.
Significant intellectuals of the West, who were especially during the rise of capitalism very much focused on the ongoing growth of powerful European states and the newly emerging cultural atmosphere, concentrated on defining the East as unchanging and the societies of the Eastern world as despotic and tyrannical. During the transition period from capitalism to colonialism the Europeans were seeking more and more power, the East was certainly not a rival any more and it was legitimate to regard the East as inferior whereas the predominance of Western norms was agreed upon. During such a period, in which this idea of the surrogate Europe was accepted by the majority of Western actors, it is interesting to have a look at the European socialists and their way of perceiving the East as the orientalist perception did not only function as a way of depreciating the East but also as a way of creating an atmosphere which resulted in the Western bourgeois social norms rule over European countries. Granting a privilege to these norms was a tool to oppress the working class. Because of this reason it was important for the socialists in Germany to try to overcome orientalism. This present study deals with the Mohamedan Arabic cultural period by the German socialist August Bebel with the intention to point out how Bebel tries to give a new definition to the East and to defeat the orientalist point of view. The aim is to show that Bebel’s criticism on orientalism is still valid and can play a guiding role in connection to the everlasting derogatory attitude towards the East.
Significant intellectuals of the West, who were especially during the rise of capitalism very much focused on the ongoing growth of powerful European states and the newly emerging cultural atmosphere, concentrated on defining the East as unchanging and the societies of the Eastern world as despotic and tyrannical. During the transition period from capitalism to colonialism the Europeans were seeking more and more power, the East was certainly not a rival any more and it was legitimate to regard the East as inferior whereas the predominance of Western norms was agreed upon. During such a period, in which this idea of the surrogate Europe was accepted by the majority of Western actors, it is interesting to have a look at the European socialists and their way of perceiving the East as the orientalist perception did not only function as a way of depreciating the East but also as a way of creating an atmosphere which resulted in the Western bourgeois social norms rule over European countries. Granting a privilege to these norms was a tool to oppress the working class. Because of this reason it was important for the socialists in Germany to try to overcome orientalism. This present study deals with the Mohamedan Arabic cultural period by the German socialist August Bebel with the intention to point out how Bebel tries to give a new definition to the East and to defeat the orientalist point of view. The aim is to show that Bebel’s criticism on orientalism is still valid and can play a guiding role in connection to the everlasting derogatory attitude towards the East.
Date
2019
Publisher
İstanbul Üniversitesi