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Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
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    Human adaptation to human–robot shared control
    (IEEE, 2019-04) Amirshirzad, Negin; Kumru, Asiye; Öztop, Erhan; Computer Science; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye; ÖZTOP, Erhan; Amirshirzad, Negin
    Human-in-the-loop robot control systems naturally provide the means for synergistic human-robot collaboration through control sharing. The expectation in such a system is that the strengths of each partner are combined to achieve a task performance higher than that can be achieved by the individual partners alone. However, there is no general established rule to ensure a synergistic partnership. In particular, it is not well studied how humans adapt to a nonstationary robot partner whose behavior may change in response to human actions. If the human is not given the choice to turn on or off the control sharing, the robot-human system can even be unstable depending on how the shared control is implemented. In this paper, we instantiate a human-robot shared control system with the "ball balancing task," where a hall must be brought to a desired position on a tray held by the robot partner. The experimental setup is used to assess the effectiveness of the system and to find out the differences in human sensorimotor learning when the robot is a control sharing partner, as opposed to being a passive teleoperated robot. The results of the four-day 20-subject experiments conducted show that 1) after a short human learning phase, task execution performance is significantly improved when both human and robot are in charge. Moreover, 2) even though the subjects are not instructed about the role of the robot, they do learn faster despite the nonstationary behavior of the robot caused by the goal estimation mechanism built in.
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    Prosocial moral reasoning and prosocial behavior among Turkish and Spanish adolescents
    (Society for Personality Research, 2012) Kumru, Asiye; Carlo, G.; Mestre, M. V.; Samper, P.; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    Prosocial moral reasoning and behavior of young people in early and middle adolescence were examined in relation to the association among the variable of cultural group, age, and gender. Adolescents from Valencia, Spain (673 boys, 579 girls) and Ankara, Turkey (185 boys, 145 girls) participated in this study. Results showed significant cultural group differences on both prosocial moral reasoning subscales and peer rating of prosocial behavior with Spanish adolescents scoring higher than Turkish adolescents, and in the pattern of relationships between these variables. There were also age group and gender differences on some types of prosocial moral reasoning and behaviors, but the effect sizes were small and the differences were very small. Findings suggest culture-specific patterns of prosocial behavior among the adolescents in the two samples.
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    ArticlePublicationOpen Access
    The relation between interparental conflict and adolescent's adjustment problems: the mediator role of parental control practices
    (Turkish Psychological Association, 2019) Sayıl, M.; Tepe, Y. K.; Kumru, Asiye; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    This study aims to explore the maternal and paternal psychological and behavioral (monitoring) control as mediators in the relationships of adolescent's perceived interparental conflict with bullying and loneliness. A total of 542 adolescents (316 females, 226 males) coming from middle SES families and from 7th to 10th grades (M= 14.74, SD = 1.44; range = 11.9 - 18.3) participated in the study. Psychological Control Questionnaire, Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), UCLA Loneliness Scale and Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale, Bullying Scale, and Adolescent Family Process Measure (monitoring subscale) were administered to the students in a group session. Structural Equation Modeling analyses revealed that interparental conflict had a detrimental role on parental control behaviors leading to heightened psychological control and lessened parental monitoring. Interparental conflict also directly related to increase in female adolescents' loneliness and male adolescents' bullying. Psychological control mediated the relations between adolescents' perceived interparental conflict and loneliness in males and bullying in females. As for monitoring, mediation was observed in the relation between interparental conflict and bullying only in females and for mothers. Our results support both the direct and spillover effects of interparental conflict on adolescent adjustment.
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    ArticlePublicationOpen Access
    The reliability and validity study of the reasonability of prosocial lie test – child form
    (Cyprus Mental Health Institute, 2022) Aydın, M. Ş.; Karakelle, S.; Kumru, Asiye; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    Children’s perceptions of lying behaviors and their evaluations about different types of lies are among the topics discussed in the field. It is seen that the studies conducted on this subject focus on the lies that are told with antisocial and prosocial intentions that are opposite to each other. Besides, only a few studies have addressed children’s assessments of lies which are told for prosocial reasons. In these studies, it is also known that the researchers used various stories while examining the extent to which children perceive lies as reasonable through different stories. In the current study, it is aimed to conduct the validity and reliability study of the “Reasonability of Prosocial Lie Test-Child Form” in order to see whether the stories whether the stories measure the concept in Turkish sample. In addition, it was investigated for which reasons prosocial lies are more appropriate by focusing on the prosocial type of lying. A total of 277 children, 144 girls and 133 boys, aged between 8 and 13 years, participated in the study. Within the scope of validity studies, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, and it was founded that the final version of the test has an 11-item structure, 6 of which are “politeness lies”, 3 of which are "collaborative lies" emerging after someone else's request, and 2 of which are “negative lies” told for own benefit. In addition, the internal consistency coefficients of the test and the test-retest reliability coefficients revealed that the test was also reliable. The results of the analysis showed that the Reasonability of Prosocial Lie Test-Child Form is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate which types of lies are more appropriate for children in primary and secondary school.
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    The effect of culture on trust in automation: reliability and workload
    (ACM, 2018-11) Chien, S.-Y.; Lewis, M.; Sycara, K.; Liu, J.-S.; Kumru, Asiye; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    Trust in automation has become a topic of intensive study since the late 1990s and is of increasing importance with the advent of intelligent interacting systems. While the earliest trust experiments involved human interventions to correct failures/errors in automated control systems, a majority of subsequent studies have investigated information acquisition and analysis decision aiding tasks such as target detection for which automation reliability is more easily manipulated. Despite the high level of international dependence on automation in industry, almost all current studies have employed Western samples primarily from the U.S. The present study addresses these gaps by running a large sample experiment in three (U.S., Taiwan, and Turkey) diverse cultures using a “trust sensitive task” consisting of both automated control and target detection subtasks. This article presents results for the target detection subtask for which reliability and task load were manipulated. The current experiments allow us to determine whether reported effects are universal or specific to Western culture, vary in baseline or magnitude, or differ across cultures. Results generally confirm consistent effects of manipulations across the three cultures as well as cultural differences in initial trust and variation in effects of manipulations consistent with 10 cultural hypotheses based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Leung and Cohen's theory of Cultural Syndromes. These results provide critical implications and insights for correct trust calibration and to enhance human trust in intelligent automation systems across cultures. Additionally, our results would be useful in designing intelligent systems for users of different cultures. Our article presents the following contributions: First, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first set of studies that deal with cultural factors across all the cultural syndromes identified in the literature by comparing trust in the Honor, Face, Dignity cultures. Second, this is the first set of studies that uses a validated cross-cultural trust measure for measuring trust in automation. Third, our experiments are the first to study the dynamics of trust across cultures.
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    Influence of cultural factors in dynamic trust in automation
    (IEEE, 2016) Chien, S.-Y.; Lewis, M.; Sycara, K.; Liu, J.-S.; Kumru, Asiye; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    The use of autonomous systems has been rapidly increasing in recent decades. To improve human-automation interaction, trust has been closely studied. Research shows trust is critical in the development of appropriate reliance on automation. To examine how trust mediates the human-automation relationships across cultures, the present study investigated the influences of cultural factors on trust in automation. Theoretically guided empirical studies were conducted in the U.S., Taiwan and Turkey to examine how cultural dynamics affect various aspects of trust in automation. The results found significant cultural differences in human trust attitude in automation.
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    ArticlePublicationOpen Access
    The role of socio-economic status, mother’s psychopathology, reflective functioning and emotion socialization on toddlers’ behavior problems
    (Cyprus Mental Health Institute, 2022) Taşdelen, Afra Selcen; Kumru, Asiye; Arıkan, Gizem; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye; ARIKAN, Gizem; Taşdelen, Afra Selcen
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between socio-economic status (SES), mother’s psychological symptoms, maternal reflective functioning, and mother’s use of emotional socialization practices and child behavioral problems during toddlerhood. The study also aimed to examine sex and age differences on the display of behavior problems of toddlers. Mothers who had children between the ages 1 to 3 and lived in different cities of Turkey (N = 534) participated in the study. The mothers were asked to complete a package of scales consisting of demographic form, Brief Symptom Inventory, Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, Coping with Toddler Negative Emotions Scale, and Child Behavior Checklist. Based on the mothers’ reports, the results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that SES, maternal symptoms, and mother’s use of unsupportive emotion socialization behavior predicted toddler’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Also, there was a significant age and sex differences on the child’ externalizing behavior problems with boys scoring higher than girls and older age children displaying more externalizing behavior problems than the younger ones. However, contrary to our expectations, mother’s supportive emotion socialization and reflective functioning didn’t predict child behavior problems. Overall, the present findings provide further support to family process model in predicting child behavior problems.
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    The roles of perspective taking, empathic concern, and prosocial moral reasoning in the self-reported prosocial behaviors of filipino and Turkish young adults
    (Sage, 2020-11) Gulseven, Z.; Kumru, Asiye; Carlo, G.; de Guzman, M. R.; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    Traditional social cognitive model of prosocial development suggests important links between both sociocognitive and socioemotive traits and prosocial behaviors. The present study examined the relations among perspective taking, empathic concern, prosocial moral reasoning, and public, emotional, compliant, and anonymous prosocial behaviors in Filipino and Turkish young adults to test the generalizability of this traditional model. Participants were 257 college students recruited from state universities in Ankara, Turkey (57 women, 83 men; M-age = 19.26 years, SD = 0.63) and Manila, the Philippines (75 women, 42 men; M-age = 18.41 years, SD = 1.44). Results showed that the relations among perspective taking, empathic concern, prosocial moral reasoning, and four types of self-reported prosocial behaviors were robust across two countries and gender. Perspective taking was positively related to empathic concern, which, in turn, was positively related to emotional and compliant prosocial behaviors. Perspective taking was also positively related to prosocial moral reasoning, which, in turn, was positively related to anonymous and negatively related to public prosocial behaviors. Overall, the findings provide support for the generalizability of traditional model of prosocial development and extend our understanding of prosocial behaviors to two non-Western, collectivist-oriented societies.
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    Influence of culture, transparency, trust, and degree of automation on automation use
    (IEEE, 2020-06) Chien, S. Y.; Lewis, M.; Sycara, K.; Kumru, Asiye; Liu, J. S.; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    The reported study compares groups of 120 participants each, from the United States (U.S.), Taiwan (TW), and Turkey (TK), interacting with versions of an automated path planner that vary in transparency and degree of automation. The nationalities were selected in accordance with the theory of cultural syndromes as representatives of Dignity (U.S.), Face (TW), and Honor (TK) cultures, and were predicted to differ in readiness to trust automation, degree of transparency required to use automation, and willingness to use systems with high degrees of automation. Three experimental conditions were tested. In the first, highlight, path conflicts were highlighted leaving rerouting to the participant. In the second, replanner made requests for permission to reroute when a path conflict was detected. The third combined condition increased transparency of the replanner by combining highlighting with rerouting to make the conflict on which decision was based visible to the user. A novel framework relating transparency, stages of automation, and trust in automation is proposed in which transparency plays a primary role in decisions to use automation but is supplemented by trust where there is insufficient information otherwise. Hypothesized cultural effects and framework predictions were confirmed.
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    ArticlePublicationOpen Access
    What should I do and who’s to blame? A cross-national study on youth’s attitudes and beliefs in times of COVID-19
    (Public Library of Science, 2022-12-21) De Moor, E. L.; Cheng, T. Y.; Spitzer, J. E.; Berger, C.; Carrizales, A.; Garandeau, C. F.; Gerbino, M.; Hawk, S. T.; Kaniušonytė, G.; Kumru, Asiye; Malonda, E.; Rovella, A.; Shen, Y. L.; Taylor, L. K.; van Zalk, M.; Branje, S.; Carlo, G.; Walker, L. P.; Van der Graaff, J.; Psychology; KUMRU, Asiye
    The COVID-19 crisis has had a major impact on youth. This study examined factors associated with youth’s attitudes towards their government’s response to the pandemic and their blaming of individuals from certain risk groups, ethnic backgrounds, and countries or regions. In a sample of 5,682 young adults (Mage = 22) from 14 countries, lower perceived burden due to COVID-19, more collectivistic and less individualistic values, and more empathy were associated with more positive attitudes towards the government and less blaming of individuals of certain groups. Youth’s social identification with others in the pandemic mediated these associations in the same direction, apart from the COVID-19 burden on attitudes, which had a positive indirect effect. No evidence of country-level moderation was found.