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BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran

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Zeynep Başaran

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    Use of natural minerals to immobilize bacterial cells for remediating cracks in cement-based materials
    (ASCE, 2022-03-01) Tezer, M. M.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
    Cracks in cement-based materials are one of the main factors affecting the durability of structure. Recent research in the field of concrete materials showed that self-healing in cement-based systems can be achieved by triggering biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation. The goal of this study is to establish a comparative evaluation of the use of sepiolite, bentonite, and diatomaceous earth (DE) as an immobilization barrier of Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) cells to trigger self-healing in cement-based systems. For the first time in the literature, this study will provide insight into the use of natural minerals, such as bentonite and sepiolite, as protective carriers for vegetative S. pasteurii cells in cement-based materials and present a comparative evaluation of factors influencing crack healing, such as the microstructure and composition of immobilization barriers. A two-phase self-healing bioadditive was obtained by immobilizing vegetative S. pasteurii cell samples on natural porous minerals with or without the use of required nutrients. Then the samples were cracked by a three-point bending test, and the healing process was screened via stereomicroscope imaging and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing after subjecting the cracked samples to 28 days of moist curing. Flexural cracks induced in mortar samples were filled with biogenic precipitate. Relatedly, the water absorption capacity of the samples was decreased in mortar samples containing bacterial cells, the nutrients were added in the curing solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that calcite was the predominant polymorph of CaCO3 sealant in cracks.
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    End-of-life materials used as supplementary cementitious materials in the concrete industry
    (MDPI, 2020-04) Nicoara, A. I.; Stoica, A. E.; Vrabec, M.; Rogan, N. S.; Sturm, S.; Ow-Yang, C.; Gulgun, M. A.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Ciuca, I.; Vasile, B. S.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
    A sustainable solution for the global construction industry can be partial substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) sourced from industrial end-of-life (EOL) products that contain calcareous, siliceous and aluminous materials. Candidate EOL materials include fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), natural pozzolanic materials like sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), rice husk ash (RHA), mine tailings, marble dust, construction and demolition debris (CDD). Studies have revealed these materials to be cementitious and/or pozzolanic in nature. Their use as SCMs would decrease the amount of cement used in the production of concrete, decreasing carbon emissions associated with cement production. In addition to cement substitution, EOL products as SCMs have also served as coarse and also fine aggregates in the production of eco-friendly concretes.
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    Impact of air entraining admixtures on biogenic calcium carbonate precipitation and bacterial viability
    (Elsevier, 2017) Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Amiri, Ali; Ersan, Y. C.; Boon, N.; Belie, N. de; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; Amiri, Ali
    The applications of self-healing in cement-based materials via biomineralization processes are developing quickly. The main challenge is to find a microorganism that can tolerate the restricted environment of cement paste matrix (i.e. very high pH, lack of oxygen and nutrients, small pore size etc.). The focus of this work was to determine the possible use of an ammonium salt-based air-entraining admixture (AEA) as a protection method to improve the survival of incorporated Sporosarcina pasteurii cells in cement-based mortar. Bacterial cells were directly added to the mortar mix with and without nutrients. Nutrients should be provided to keep the microorganisms viable even at early ages (i.e. 7 days). Surface charge of the bacterial cells and in vitro biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation were not affected by the incorporation of AEA. However, introducing AEA did not influence the viability in mortar samples, which might be attributed to the type and chemistry of AEA used.
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    Evaluation of self-healing of internal cracks in biomimetic mortar using coda wave interferometry
    (Elsevier, 2016-05) Liu, S.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Zhu, J.; Ferron, R. D.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
    Calcium carbonate biomineralization is a bio-chemical process in which calcium carbonate precipitation is obtained by leveraging the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Studies have shown that biomineralization can be used to repair surface cracks in cement-based materials. One of the challenges in determining whether biomineralization is a feasible option for internal crack repair pertains to how to monitor and quantify self-healing of internal microcracks. In this study, mortar samples with and without microcracks and microorganisms were cured in different environments until 50 days. Coda wave interferometry measurements, a nondestructive method that is very sensitive to small changes in material, were conducted on these samples to evaluate the extent of self-healing during the entire curing period. Compressive strength tests were performed after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results indicated that the cracked mortar samples with microorganisms showed significantly higher strength development and higher relative velocity change than samples without microorganisms.
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    Biomineralized cement-based materials: impact of inoculating vegetative bacterial cells on hydration and strength
    (Elsevier, 2015-01) Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Kirisits, M. J.; Ferron, R. D.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
    Biomineralization in cement-based materials has become a point of interest in recent years due to the possibility that such an approach could be used to develop a self-healing cement-based system. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of vegetative cells of Sporosarcina pasteurii on the hydration kinetics and compressive strength of cement-based materials. The hydration kinetics were greatly influenced when a bacterial solution consisting of urea-yeast extract nutrient medium and vegetative cells was used to prepare bacterial cement pastes; specifically, severe retardation was observed. In addition, an increase in calcium carbonate precipitation, particularly calcite, occurred within the bacterial pastes. Furthermore, after the first day of hydration, the bacterial mortar displayed compressive strength that was similar to or greater than the compressive strength of the neat mortar.
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    Calcium sulfoaluminate cement and supplementary cementitious materials-containing binders in self-healing systems
    (Elsevier, 2023-08) Acarturk, B. C.; Sandalcı, Ilgın; Hull, N. M.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Burris, L. E.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; Sandalcı, Ilgın
    Creation of more durable concrete is one pathway to achieving improved sustainability and carbon footprint over a concrete structure's life. Microbially induced calcite precipitation has been shown to densify concrete microstructure and fill cracks, reducing moisture transport. One challenge associated with the longevity of bacterial-concrete systems is the high pH environment of the cement paste. Herein, two approaches to address this challenge were investigated: (i) sustainable binder systems, such as calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement and fly ash substitutions of ordinary portland cement (OPC), which lead to lower pH systems, and (ii) non-axenic bacterial cultures, which may facilitate growth of more alkaline-resistant bacteria. Mechanical properties, water absorption, self-healing ability, and survivability of the bacterial systems were tracked, finding that incorporation of non-axenic bacteria did not result in increased bacteria survivability compared to axenic bacteria. However, both bacteria healed cracks [removed]
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    Use of pre-wetted lightweight fine expanded shale aggregates as internal nutrient reservoirs for microorganisms in bio-mineralized mortar
    (Elsevier, 2017-11) Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Kirisits, M. J.; Ferron, R. D.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
    Interest in developing bio-based self-healing cement-based materials has gained broader attention in the concrete community. One of challenges in developing bio-based self-healing cement-based materials is that cell death or insufficient metabolic activity might occur when the cells are inoculated to the cement paste. This paper investigates the use of internal nutrient reservoirs via pre-wetted lightweight fine expanded shale aggregates to improve cell viability in mortar. Incorporation of internal nutrient reservoirs resulted in an increase in the vegetative cells remaining without any substantial loss in strength. These results pave the way to develop a self-healing and self-curing concrete with an extended service life.
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    Use of corn-steep liquor as an alternative carbon source for biomineralization in cement-based materials and its impact on performance
    (Elsevier, 2018-03-20) Amiri, Ali; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; Amiri, Ali
    Early age microcracks are generally the primary cause for a decrease in service life of cement-based structures. Recent studies suggested that it might be possible to develop a smart cement-based material that could self-heal microcracks. The use of microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) in cement-based materials is a novel approach to trigger self-healing and it has become an interesting field of research. MICP is a biochemical process where calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation is obtained via metabolic pathways for microorganism and MICP via urea hydrolysis is the most common approach used in cement-based materials. Through the literature the most commonly used nutrient media for urea hydrolysis was composed of yeast extract and urea. However, use of yeast extract as a carbon source not only resulted with a severe retardation of initial setting and it increases the cost of the application. This study investigates the suitability of corn steep liquor (CSL) as an alternative replacement of yeast extract. CSL was found to be a suitable alternative for MICP applications without compromising bacterial growth, ability to promote CaCO3 precipitation. In addition, use of a nutrient medium including CSL and urea did not have such an adverse effect on initial set and compressive strength as compared to a urea and yeast extract medium. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Use of biomineralisation in developing smart concrete inspired by nature
    (Inderscience, 2015) Zhang, B.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Mondal, P.; Ferron, R. D.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
    Recently, interest has focused on leveraging the biological functions of microorganisms to develop smart cement-based materials. This paper provides an overview of the calcium carbonate biomineralisation process in nature and presents a review of the work conducted by various groups around the world on biogenic calcium carbonate formation as it relates to the hydration, microstructure, properties, and performance of cement-based materials. Promises and concerns of applying biomineralisation in cement-based materials are also discussed, and directions for future research are explored.
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    ArticlePublicationOpen Access
    Immobilization of bacterial cells on natural minerals for self-healing cement-based materials
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-04-13) Sandalcı, Ilgın; Tezer, M. M.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; Sandalcı, Ilgın
    Recent research in the field of concrete materials showed that it might be possible to develop a smart cement-based material that is capable of remediating cracks by Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). The early remediation of microcracks enables the design of cement-based systems with an elongated service life with a sustainable approach. However, the main challenge of the application is to extend the viability of the cells against the restrictive environment of cement-paste. These cells have to tolerate the highly alkaline conditions of cement paste, survive the mixing process, and remain viable even when access to nutrients is limited. This paper summarizes a novel study undertaken to investigate the self-healing efficiency of Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) cells immobilized on zeolite and sepiolite minerals having the same particle size. This manuscript reports an extensive experimental study to understand the factors influencing the efficiency of immobilization barriers, such as composition and reactivity. To obtain the bio-additive, the bacterial cells were immobilized without nutrients and additional nutrients were only provided during the curing stage after crack initiation. Screening of the healing process was done with ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing and stereomicroscopy. Further evaluation on performance was done by evaluating the decrease in water absorption capacity. The healing precipitate was characterized through Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). With this approach, the cracks on mortar surface were sealed and the water absorption capacity of the so-called self-healed mortar decreased compared to its counterpart cracked mortar samples. Sepiolite was found to be a more suitable bedding for the microorganisms compared to zeolite, therefore samples containing sepiolite exhibited a higher performance in terms of crack healing. The results showed that while vegetative cell immobilization on locally available materials is a simple and economically feasible approach the healing capacity of bacterial cells can be hindered due to the reactivity of the mineral.