Organizational Unit: Department of Design, Technology and Society
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PhD DissertationPublication Metadata only Technology and employee collaboration in the wake of organizations' digital transformationAras, Arzu; Büyüközkan Feyzioğlu, Gülçin; Büyüközkan Feyzioğlu, Gülçin; Er, Alpay; Şenses, Özlem İnanç; Apak, S.; Demircan, M. L.; Department of Design, Technology and SocietyIn this thesis, collaboration of employees with technology, the design of a digital maturity model, the socio-technical design of governance structures, the inclusion of employees in decision-making processes, and the implementation of robotic process automation activities that come to the fore in employee-technology collaboration have been considered. For a holistic and end-to-end handling of the transformation, the digital transformation journey and its critical stages have been defined. In the first stage, a holistic digital maturity model based on a systematic literature review has been designed. This model consists of six main dimensions named digital strategy, digital value, digital processes, digital technology and data, digital work, and digital governance, and twenty-four sub-dimensions. It enables the definition of all critical competencies required by digital transformation regardless of the sector and size of the organizations. In the second stage, after the assessment based on the maturity model has been accomplished, the focus is shifted to how the digital maturity assessment results can be scored and how the targets could be determined to create an effective transformation roadmap. In this context, AHP and TOPSIS methods, which are multi-criteria decision-making techniques, are used in the assessments carried out with the participation of employees. In the third stage, the focus is on robotic process automation that has been designed socio-technically. Then, AHP and TOPSIS methods are used in the selection of a vendor and prioritization of processes, which are critical in the effective deployment and management of this technology.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only Food as medicine : the healing power of sugar in ottoman medical manuscripts during the 14th and 15th centuriesKadırgan, Pırıl; Samancı, Özge; Samancı, Özge; Selçuk, Oya İklil; Bilgin, A.; Department of Design, Technology and SocietyThis thesis intends to explore how people perceived intertwined relationships between food and health in the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era with a particular focus on sugar. Sugarcane which originated from Southeast Asia reached the eastern Mediterranean region in the 7th century. Produced in a long and arduous process, sugar obtained from sugar cane became an object of desire and a status indicator in medieval Arab, European and Ottoman worlds. Sugar was used for multiple practical purposes, including medicinal use. The thesis explores the role of sugar in the Ottoman health system within the framework of humoral theory by examining four Ottoman medical manuscripts from the 14th and 15th centuries. According to the medical manuscripts sugar was considered hot and moist. Different types of sugar such as white sugar, solid white sugar (tabarzad) was used to expel phlegm from the body and to relieve cough. There are also sweets in which it is recommended to use sugar for its benefits. The thesis findings show that being a rare and valuable commodity sugar besides its cultural and symbolic meanings, played an essential role as a medicine in the Ottoman health system based on humoral theory. Moreover, the information obtained from the Ottoman medical manuscripts coincides with the use of sugar in the European medical understanding of the period.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only The relationship of efficiency and sustainability in agrofood : soilless agricultureYıldırım, Ezgi; Türkkan, Candan; Türkkan, Candan; Zuluğ, Aslı; Akarçay, E.; Department of Design, Technology and SocietyDue to the rising global population and potential food shortages, ecological, sustainable and efficient alternative production methods are becoming potential solutions. The soilless farming is advocated for increasing efficiency through the technological advancements and highlighting its sustainable features. This production method stands out due to characteristics such as water efficiency, energy savings, human control, and shortened harvest periods. This thesis aims to understand the concepts of sustainability and efficiency, which are cited as the reasons for the preference of soilless agriculture, and to analyze the relationship between these two concepts. In this context, the views of Haraway, particularly the concept of "cyborgization," will shape the framework of the study, and the feasibility of the future envisioned by Haraway through soilless farming will be examined. In line with this, a netnographic approach was employed to examine the internet pages of fourteen soilless farming producers worldwide, who were selected using a snowball sampling method. Field notes from the examinations were used for coding, and numerical data derived from these codes were analyzed. It was determined that the primary reason for the preference of soilless agriculture is profitability, and the relationship between sustainability and efficiency is mainly intertwined from an economic perspective. Notably, solutions predominantly target production systems while sidelining distribution and consumption processes, raising queries about resultant power dynamics. In conclusion, with the influence of technology, there has been a distance from Haraway's vision of a cyborg, equal, just, and classless world, and that the existing economic system has exacerbated inequalities.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only Impact of hmi on driver trust for level 4 autonomous drive long haulage trucksUyanık, Ayça Odabaşı; İlhan, Işıl Oygür; İlhan, Işıl Oygür; Baykal, Gökçe Elif; Çoşkun, A.; Department of Design, Technology and Society; Uyanık, Ayça OdabaşıWhile the technological advancements in Level 4 autonomous drive trucks, which can drive by themselves under limited conditions, are being communicated as a way forward to increase road safety, as well as to improve working conditions and provide relaxation to long haulage drivers onboard, it is important to understand the user acceptance factors so that this technology can provide the expected benefits. This study focuses on one of the user acceptance factors, i.e., trust of the drivers. The goal is to study the effect of Human Machine Interface (HMI) screen elements in supporting trust for Level 4 autonomous drive systems for long haulage trucks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 truck drivers to understand the current status of drivers’ trust, to identify drive maneuver instances where trust needs to be supported, and to develop an in-depth understanding of trust support via HMI screen elements for status and information share. Paper prototypes of HMI screen design proposals were used as probe materials during the interviews and discussed from trust build up perspective towards autonomous drive technology perspective. Interview questions and drive maneuver instances for further investigation were defined based on a preliminary trust questionnaire that was administered to 9 participants. Autonomous drive technology trust constructs that were used during the interview and in the questionnaire were defined through literature reviews in psychology and human machine interaction. Results show that main driver of trust to Level 4 autonomous trucks relies with driver experience with system competency, but it is not enough on its own. HMI screen elements are important for drivers throughout the trip. They become especially important to support feeling of reliability to autonomous system under changing weather conditions and feeling of safety during autonomous drive maneuvers through transparent status and information sharing. HMI screens can build up confidence by providing adequate solutions to watch over the road and other vehicles in autonomous driving mode. Findings from this study indicate that it is a dramatic change for long haulage truck drivers to hand over the drive to an autonomous drive system for extended durations. Considering the critical drive decisions they give during the journey for situation management, strictly following a zero-risk driving characteristic and continuously considering what could go wrong, HMI screen element designs can facilitate transparency of autonomous drive system, support trust and accelerate this transition period from current truck technology to autonomous drive trucks and assist with technology acceptanceMaster ThesisPublication Metadata only Ethics in STS: a bibliometric exploratory study(2019-07) Oğuz, Murat Can; İlhan, Ali Oğulcan; İlhan, Ali Oğulcan; Köksal, Ayşe Hazar; Timur, Ş.; Department of Design, Technology and Society; Oğuz, Murat CanScience, Technology and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary study field that focuses on the interwoven structure between science and technology in society. This study, using bibliometric word co-occurrence analysis and network visualization, looks to keyword network established around ethic keyword in this field. Data of scholarly articles are downloaded from Web of Science database, covering years 2000 – 2017. Graphs are generated with VosViewer and Gephi. Within four divisions of years (2000 to 2004, 2005 to 2009, 2010 to 2014 and 2015 to 2017) it is found that two major areas with dedicated journals play consistently significant role. Further study of those two approaches reveals that they have different method, coverage and structure and overlapping terms. It concludes that ethics discussion is a central but rare topic in STS studies and diverse approaches exist. Varying forms of ethics terminology are to be found. There are some central established discussions with strong links, but plurality and variations are the most significant attribute of the network.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only Effects of protein addition and substitution of refined sugar on the quality of hazelnut butterZahedinia, Sayna; Kırkın, Celale; Zuluğ, Aslı; Kırkın, Celale; Zuluğ, Aslı; Tireki, Suzan; Baykut, E. D.; Department of Design, Technology and SocietyRecently, people have preferred reducing their sugar intake and replacing it With high-nutritious sweeteners and consuming more protein. This study aims to Promote hazelnut butter by replacing refined sugar with date syrup, enriching it with Green pea protein and collagen, and analyzing their quality changes. Their sensory, Color, emulsion stability, rheology, and stress sweep properties were investigated. Sensory analysis showed that collagen had not affected the sensory properties. The overall acceptability of samples with green-pea protein was lower than those With collagen. Date syrup decreased the overall acceptability slightly, but the Acceptability was satisfactory. Emulsion stability was high, ranging between 93% And 99%. The viscosity of all samples decreased with increasing shear rate and showed Pseudoplastic flow behavior, and the flow behavior (n) of the samples was similar. The consistency index (k) and apparent viscosity (µa) value of the samples Containing date syrup were higher than those prepared with refined sugar. The Incent and decent shear rate curves showed that they had thixotropic properties. In All samples, the storage modulus (gʺ) values were higher than the loss modulus (gʹ) Values, which showed that the viscous behavior dominated the elastic behavior. In conclusion, replacing table sugar with date syrup did not negatively affect The sensory properties of samples; therefore can be used as a sweetener in hazelnut Butter. In overall samples enriched with collagen showed better resulats than than The samples enriched with green pea protein. Rheological properties of samples Were not changed compare to the samples without protein and replaced sugar with Date syrup.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only Utilization of cocoa bean shellKaya, Sevda; Zuluğ, Aslı; Zuluğ, Aslı; Kırkın, Celale; Samancı, Özge; Caba, Z. T.; Department of Design, Technology and Society; Kaya, SevdaConsidering our world's limited resources, the linear economy model that operates as take- make- dispose is not sustainable anymore. There is a need to find new ways of doing business and managing resources. The food industry also started to focus on this problem since it has been reported that we waste one-third of our food. Utilization of this food waste is a significant problem both economically and environmentally. It is important to stop seeing it as waste and consider it a resource. Even though they lack technical knowledge, designers started to get into the material development process with the help of open sources and the democratization of production techniques. While developing materials, designers pay attention to both technical and experiential characteristics of products to create meaningful experiences for users. One of the sources they use for material development is food waste and byproducts. Considering these, the study aims to contribute to the utilization of cocoa bean shells, one of the main byproducts of the cocoa bean production industry, through material development. It seeks to answer how users experience the materials developed using cocoa bean shells. The study first developed two material recipes through Material Tinkering, emphasizing active learning and experimenting while doing and practicing. Then, the two developed materials' technical and experiential characterization were evaluated using Materials-to-Experiences at four levels (Ma2E4) toolkit. According to the results of these evaluations, suggestions were made for further studies.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only The new luxury of home decoration objects in Turkey: A theoretical framework for understanding the consumption motivations and status relationships since 2000sErtem, Müge; Köksal, Ayşe Hazar; Köksal, Ayşe Hazar; Er, Hamit Alpay; Timur, Ş.; Department of Design, Technology and Society; Ertem, MügeIn the 2000s, changing socio-economic and political structures of Turkey have affected luxury consumption practices. A new modern conservative class has emerged in Turkey. The conservative lifestyle has gained a new dimension within the scope of a universal modernity perception and gained visibility in the public sphere. Luxury consumption styles of the conservative lifestyle have been reaestheticized in universal aesthetic discourse and spread among the upper and middle class. Thus, the decorative objects of the luxury traditionally inspired modern and/or innovative have become a popular and trendy taste. The literature review about this specific topic reveals that there is a theoretical gap in analyzing the luxury decorative objects of traditionally inspired modern and/or innovative. To fill this gap, the thesis aims at two aspects. Firstly, the theory of "modest conspicuous" aestheticism was obtained in the light of Veblen's theory of the leisure class and Bourdieu's theory of distinction. The theory was formed through the decorative objects of the Hiref and Armaggan luxury decoration brands. It has been determined that the traditional motives were articulated on the modern form. Secondly these home decorative objects, one of the luxury consumption practices of modern and tradition-preserving lifestyle, were examined through this theoretical perspective. The standpoint that conservatism is a mediator factor to establishing domination by the upper class has been analyzed through the design of these objects. Thus, it has been determined that the conservative, which is preserving traditional, design discourse functions as a tool in maintaining the dominance of the upper class.Master ThesisPublication Metadata only Exploring the significance of collaboration in the early design stages of interactive kiosks(2018-05) Yıldırım, Yasemin; Orhun, Simge Esin; Orhun, Simge Esin; Karapars, Gülhis Zeynep; Ünlüer Çimen, A. A.; Department of Design, Technology and Society; Yıldırım, YaseminIn today’s post-digital era, the role of design discipline has dramatically changed due to the major shifts in technological developments. Owing to adaptation of technology to human life in multiple ways, a new generation of needs and expectations emerged in the field of design. The interactive tools supported by these technological developments do not only provide access to information, but also determine people's behavior in the experience of products. As a kind of public display, the interactive kiosk is developed in order to provide access to information through the applications for different purposes. Beyond the purpose of transmitting the information, these public displays have a strong potential for creating an opportunity to people for exchanging the information in public realm by providing novel forms of interactivity due to their wide use. Recent literature reflects the fact that providing a sustainable communication through these products has not been maintained yet which needs to be investigated, not only through their interface but through an examination for its potential. The studies emphasize the importance of collaboration in the design process of interactive products. Therefore, establishing partnership in design, sharing ideas, experiences and information in the early stages of design is important in identifying existing design problems and producing innovative design solutions. However, since design problems are ill-defined in the early design process of products, application of design approaches in collaboration can differ in terms of the scope of the researches. For this reason, we believe that a collaborative process based on a particular context, user, environment and technology will be an important resource for similar future design research. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the early design process of interactive products supported by the collaborative process from a holistic point of view. Therefore, this research involves the analysis and discussion of the results in order to reflect the value of the collaboration in early design stages. Within this frame, a case study which is based on collaborative design method that addresses the process of designing effective user scenarios for interactive kiosks is conducted. Within the scope of this research, four information kiosks provided by Center of Energy Efficiency Environment at Ozyegin University campus are investigated to identify the problematic aspects of design and new user scenarios are developed and discussed. This design research which includes the engineers and specialists from CEEE, design students and design researchers, was carried out in Department of Communication Design of Ozyegin University, under the Interaction Design Ergonomics course in 2015 and 2017 fall semesters. The results of the research emphasize the significance of collaboration in preventing future design problems and reveals a vision of how collaboration can guide the process. As a result, this thesis reveals the following conclusions: (1) Since each design problem may require different approaches, the key question might be centered to build a framework to be applied to identify the needs and to provide appropriate design solutions in order to communicate through varying media in public spaces. (2) The involvement of different voices in design processes enriches solutions in terms of producing creative ideas and plays an important role in communication between different disciplines. (3) It becomes evident to encourage organizations to invest in collaboration which accelerates the improvements in design field. The thesis ends with the discussions on possible future guidelines for the design development of interactive kiosks which will both be beneficial for early design and user experience evaluation stages.PhD DissertationPublication Metadata only Professional demarcation in new media art in TurkeyYeğinsü, İpek; Köksal, Ayşe Hazar; Köksal, Ayşe Hazar; Özkal, Özlem; Çavuş, Metin; Polat, N.; Aliçavuşoğlu, E.; Department of Design, Technology and Society; Yeğinsü, İpekIn a world where the Post-media condition has rendered the artistic media hierarchies obsolete, New Media Art continues to exist as a professional territory with ambiguous boundaries. The term refers to a community of specialists and institutions with some common practices with, but also autonomous from the Contemporary Art territory. This dissertation defends the position that understanding New Media Art's current scope requires a close examination of the rhetorical tactics of the professionals involved in its territorial demarcation. It uses Thomas F. Gieryn's concept of "boundary-work" to explore whether the territory's cultural repertoire is diversified across subgroups, and whether it conforms to or contradicts the international cultural repertoire. The study finds that the professional ideology of the New Media Art territory in Turkey has developed in parallel with the world at large, especially starting from the mid-1990s, but not monolithically. The common ideology of the curators/producers has four defining characteristics: potential for democratization, intersections of art, science and technology, interaction/interactivity and interdisciplinary collaboration. The subjects use these concepts in two different meanings depending on their career orientations, exhibiting two main repertoire variants. The main characteristics of the artists' common ideology is similar to the curators'/producers', but thanks to the greater variety in their individual professional identities, their cultural repertoires are relatively more flexible and heterogeneous. Most importantly, the choice of the repertoire variant in both populations is positively correlated with the art funding conditions specific to Turkey.