Architecture
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ArticlePublication Unknown Inquiring the generative capacity of urban abstraction and mapping for first-semester basic design studio(Nilay Özsavaş Uluçay, 2023-06-01) Yorgancıoğlu, Derya; Güngör, Beyza Şat; Aman, Doğa Dinemis; Faculty of Architecture and Design; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; YORGANCIOĞLU, Derya; ŞAT, Beyza; AMAN, Doğa DinemisThe development of students’ critical and creative thinking skills is at the core of the first-semester basic design studio. Students’ perceptual experiences of their environment form the key references of abstraction in this beginning phase. This paper inquires studio approach based on abstraction and mapping as tools for intertwining visual reasoning and bodily experiences in the design process. Focusing on the case study of a basic design studio assignment, the authors analyze the structure, application, and products of the “Urban Abstraction and Mapping” project. The study adopted the case-study method as part of qualitative research approach and dwelled on researchers’ first-hand interaction with a phenomenon within its real-life context, ARCH/MIM101 studios. The findings showed that abstraction and mapping strategies based on students’ bodily experiences in urban contexts raised awareness of design as a generative and iterative research process. Students who were able to reveal and reconstruct the relationship between different forms of knowledge through experiential and conceptual levels of the design process managed to develop heuristic 2D and 3D design strategies. The findings of this study provide a ground for discussions on the effectiveness of teaching/learning methods applied in the introductory level of design education.ArticlePublication Unknown Contextual learning strategies in the early stages of architecture education(Sciencepark SCI, 2019) Şahin, Murat; Architecture; ŞAHİN, MuratThe main objective of this paper is to present a series of interconnected contextual learning strategies applied in the early stages of architecture education. The study presents the design and implementation process of a term project assigned to first-year architecture students. It applied the contextual learning strategies by combining the autobiographical memory and design problem to explore unique narrative structure. This method allows for aligning multiple contexts-course content, the objective of the course, students profile, the learning environment and the basis of the design disciplines. The process was a performative one that involves storytelling, video making, quasi-research skills and informal discussions with parents and guardians to uncover and present the changing nature of the urban fabric as seen and understood by students. The results show that the students engaged and unearth various material within the contextual paradigm.ArticlePublication Unknown An illustrated divan of Baki at the Harvard Art Museums(Istanbul Universitesi, 2019) Taner, Melis; Architecture; TANER, MelisThis paper introduces an unpublished, late-sixteenth-century illustrated manuscript of the Divan of Baki (Harvard Art Museums, 1985.273). The manuscript raises the issue of options and paradigms for illustration in the Divan. Taking the Harvard Art Museums manuscript as a point of focus in comparison with the other illustrated Divan of Baki of the late-sixteenth century, this paper focuses on the relationship between a non-narrative text and image.
ArticlePublication Unknown Poem to celebrate the seamless synergy of stone and timber: Ormana - a village located in the Taurus within southern Anatolia(Center for Cities, University of Moratuwa, 2019-06) Şahin, Murat; Özbil, A.; Architecture; ŞAHİN, MuratThis article focuses on the design principles of the houses of Ormana; a village located in the Taurus within southern Anatolia, Turkey—including their dual architectural identity and construction details. Ormana, with its high potential of creating harmony between space and environment, is a sample of a “geomorphic” settlement. It is argued that Ormana houses owe their aesthetics to the rational and functional conduct underlying the use of timber and stone to fulfil their natural needs. Ormana Houses, with their layered and rich structure underpinning the social and physical integration have the potential to inspire modern designs. The paper posits that settlements like Ormana and the buildings in them might be guiding sources for creating new environmental friendly environments inclined towards using regenerative materials that increases building resilience.ArticlePublication Unknown Reminiscences of Ottoman vernacular in Galata(Center for Cities, University of Moratuwa, 2019-06) Orlandi, Luca; Architecture; ORLANDI, LucaThe aim of this paper is to present the lost heritage of the vernacular architecture in Galata district in Istanbul that existed during the Ottoman period. It presents the Ottoman vernacular houses that once existed in the area that were lost throughout the centuries due to the big fires and rapid reconstructions. The paper presents this rich vernacular architecture by detecting its existence and analysis from gravures, sketches and images from the past. After the Ottoman conquest, Galata as well as the city of Constantinople was affected by the process of Ottomanization. The transformations were very much predominant in the urban layout and the texture of the area was improved by more domestic and traditional architecture in wood, remarking Galata into a typical Ottoman environment. After the conquest, the former Genoese colony evolved, in architectural manner. This was achieved through the towns‘ growth marked with arrival of foreigners, the so called ‘Franks’ or Levantines, who were attracted to those lands by the new possibilities to expand trades and commerce from the European and Mediterranean coasts towards the East. These populations settled in the Galata area, bringing their own cultural habits, customs, traditions as well as religion, —contaminating” the already existing and mixed local population, composed predominantly of Greeks, or better Rum, Armenians and Jews and later on of Moors, Arabs as well as Turks. The Ottoman Galata was affected severely during the mid-nineteenth century and up until the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, when the rich vernacular built environment slowly disappeared leaving very little traces today, of what once used to be a typical example of an Ottoman vernacular in the capital. The paper traces this history and presents a glimpse into the ottoman vernacular in Galata.ArticlePublication Unknown Istanbul's heritage at risk : the Galata district(FrancoAngeli, 2020) Orlandi, Luca; Ivkovska, V.; Architecture; ORLANDI, LucaIstanbul's Galata district is a multicultural crossroad in the Mediterranean. Throughout Istanbul's transformation into a modern metropolis Galata maintained its distinctive and cosmopolitan character due to the cultural diversity of its inhabitants. This aspect of Galata was perpetuated by the continuous arrival of foreigners, who brought their own culture, traditions, and religion. This study demonstrates the architectural richness of the district by examining its coexisting civilizations, past and present. The district today faces the alarming possibility of disappearance due to neglect and lack of improvements. It is important to define Galata and its past layers as a historical and cultural asset and to preserve the richness and multicultural origins of this integral part of Istanbul's identity.ArticlePublication Unknown Hazard assessment and an adaptation-based design as a tool for coastal resilience in Istanbul(Springer, 2024-02) Aman, Doğa Dinemis; Dal, Ayşe Özlem; Architecture; AMAN, Doğa Dinemis; DAL, Ayşe ÖzlemIstanbul has to deal with increasing water-based disasters due to global climate change. Current studies commonly look for risk assessment models, but most of them do not offer design strategies for Istanbul. This study aims to embed climate change adaptation into the design of coastal urban areas to increase the resilience of Istanbul. Water-based disasters were examined under three scales and were mapped to assess the hazard in the case study area by using a geographical information system. Later, different design strategies from the selected projects were evaluated and cross-section drawings were developed. As a result, typology sections have been proposed for water-based hazards of different scales, capable of functioning both simultaneously and at separate times. Flexible and adaptable coastal design is a major demand for the future resilience of the city. The proposed study can assist in risk reduction and help decision-makers support further urban design approaches.ArticlePublication Unknown The effects of wood fiber directions on bonding performance(Elsevier, 2024-01-12) Kaya, Tuğba Gülfem; Karagüler, M. E.; Architecture; KAYA, Tuğba GülfemUsing engineered wood products (EWPs) in the building technologies is very crucial in terms of sustainable approaches. They provide; low weight, high structural stiffness, carbon storage capacity and easy erection on site. EWPs are composite materials that are influenced by a variety of factors that play a critical role in their formation. The chemical ingredients of the wood, the curing process of the adhesive, the type of wood, the relationship between the adhesive and the wood species, the curing temperature, the geometric configuration of the lamellae, etc. can all be included under the heading of these factors. In contrary with massive wood, to obtain EWPs different types of adhesives can be used. Therefore adhesive type and its application method affects the quality of wooden structural element. Choosing the appropriate adhesive is one of the steps to be taken to obtain the structurally correct product. Based on this approach, it was decided to investigate the adhesion performance of different adhesive types. This paper aims to present the best bonding method among the melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and epoxy adhesives by considering the fiber directions of the wood and the type of ad-hesive according to the load. One of the aims of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the fiber di-rection of wood on adhesion performance, taking into account the current gap in the literature. Pull-off tests were conducted to assess the bonding performance of different types of adhesive in wood samples with varying fiber direction. The wood samples were bonded to the wood surface with varying grain directions. During the pull-off tests, ruptures in the glue line of the test samples were commonly observed. The results have shown that in cylindrical samples bonded with epoxy, the highest bonding strength values were observed in scenarios where the wood fibers were oriented parallel to the load direction and perpendicular to the ground plane. Similarly, for wood samples used as the bonding surface, the highest bonding strength values were achieved when the wood fibers were oriented parallel to the load direction and perpendicular to the surface plane. On the other hand, the highest value in pull-off test setups was found with melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive; commonly used in laminated timber, between the wood samples with grains perpendicular to the load direction and the wood adherence surfaces with a parallel grain direction. In summary, the highest strength value was obtained from the test setup in which epoxy was used as the adhesive and both the wood specimens and the wood bonding surface had fiber directions parallel to the load direction.ArticlePublication Open Access Assessment of synchronous online architecture education from students’ perspective(Anadolu University, 2023-10) Kaptan, M. A.; Edis, E.; Ünlü, Gülten Aslıhan; Architecture; ÜNLÜ, Gülten AslıhanThis research aims to identify and investigate different dimensions and underlying factors influencing the successful implementation of e-Learning, from participants' viewpoint, i.e. architecture students. To examine the constituents ofan effective e-Learning experience in education, evaluation themes were formulated as overall substitutability level, cognitive performance, social interaction and engagement, student comprehension and comfort, personal preference, and learners' satisfaction. Through literature survey and review of mostly referred factors affecting e-Learning efficiency, four dimensions were designated for further elaboration in this study: (i) course characteristics, (ii) participant characteristics, (iii) e-Learning environment, and (iv) prior acquaintance, with each category including several sub-measures. Survey method was employed and a questionnaire was administered to 122 architecture students at both undergraduate and graduate levels to investigate participant perspectives in reference to particular synchronous lectures delivered online. Out of ten potential influencing factors hypothesized, seven were verified to be critical determinants of e-Learning effectiveness in architectural education.ArticlePublication Open Access A new look at Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa’s illustrated universal history(İstanbul 29 Mayıs University, 2023) Taner, Melis; Architecture; TANER, MelisThis article revisits a universal history written in the late sixteenth century for the governor of Baghdad Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (d. 1602) in light of a new- ly-discovered source that provides the missing concluding section of this universal history. This concluding section (Bibliothèque nationale de France Supplément turc 1322), which was announced in the index but not completed in the extant presen- tation copies (Topkapı Palace Museum Library H. 1369 and H. 1230), reinforces the idea of Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa’s imperial claims at the same time as it highlights the Baghdadi tenor of the work, as it was written in Baghdad by an author who be- longed to the governor’s household. However, the Paris manuscript presents no mere conclusion or continuation of a universal history. It is rather akin to a compilation (mecmuʿa) that juxtaposes sections from this universal history with sections from Za- kariya al-Qazwini’s (d. 1283) ʿAjāʾib al-Makhlūqāt wa Gharāʾib al-Mawjūdāt, thus recontextualizing this late-sixteenth-century universal history.ArticlePublication Open Access Analysis of behavioural processes in cultural centres through concepts of configuration and time: A three building comparison in Istanbul(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, 2023) Bayram, Ç.; Ünlü, Alper; Architecture; ÜNLÜ, AlperCultural centres have changed throughout history in terms of their configuration and usage. Changing design approaches, socio-cultural patterns, technical improvements, and user demands have also changed the usage, content, and function added resulting in changing the spatial configuration and architectural program. In Istanbul, some cultural centres still have some hard-programmed characteristics or strict rules in terms of architectural programming relating to the defined functions in everyday life and social interactions. Other cultural centres maintain flexibility in their architectural program to include various social activities. This study aims to syntactically demonstrate how the social interaction spaces of cultural centres tended to change from the period of 1938 to 2005 by the correlation between syntactic values of configuration and the frequencies of usage. As a result, it can be seen that the spatial configurations have determinants on spatial behaviour. In one centre that is examined, circulation space is more integrated and connective. Therefore, it is used as a social interaction area that supports random encounters. Hence, weak programming rarely has coherence between usage frequency and syntactical values. On the contrary, in the other centres that are examined, the users strictly follow the rules of spatial configurations. Strong programming also has more significant correlations between syntactic values and usage frequency. The crucial role of spatial morphology and user behaviour are highlighted to support social interaction in strong-weak programming. How the architectural program in cultural centres tends to change is argued.ArticlePublication Metadata only A methodology for 3D digital sketching practice in undergraduate architectural education(Intellect Ltd., 2023) Ağırbaş, Aslı; Architecture; AĞIRBAŞ, AslıPaper-based sketches used in the first stage of architectural design have started to be replaced by digital sketches. Since many universities have switched to online education during the pandemic period, digital sketches have come to the fore in this period. It is seen that the architectural forms in the digital sketches are shaped according to the computer programme used, especially in undergraduate architecture education. This situation was identified as a problem in this study. As a solution to this, it is aimed to develop a method in order to develop the form-oriented creativity of the students in the computer environment. After the experimental case study, a questionnaire was conducted with the students to evaluate this method. It has been concluded that the exercise method proposed in this study can enable students to make digital sketches more easily.ArticlePublication Metadata only Teaching earthquake-resistant structural systems in architecture department: a hands-on learning experience(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Karadağ, Ömer; Çanakçıoğlu, Nevşet Gül; Architecture; KARADAĞ, Ömer; ÇANAKÇIOĞLU, Nevşet GülThis paper addresses challenges in teaching earthquake-resistant structural systems to architecture students and seeks to enhance efficiency. Developing a compatible teaching approach is crucial for better collaboration with engineers. The impact of a lack of knowledge about earthquake-resistant systems is more evident in quake-prone regions. The study highlights the importance of hands-on experience in teaching structural theory, fostering better learning and comprehension. The study showcases an undergraduate-level course that diverged from traditional exams. Instead, students undertook a project where groups designed scaled models representing different structural responses, which underwent testing on a handmade shake table. Analysis highlighted demonstrations of various responses like soft stories, dynamic behaviour, pounding and weak columns. The hands-on approach enriched students’ practical insights into structural behaviour, aiding informed design choices. This approach enhances overall learning, deepens comprehension, and readies students to apply seismic design principles conscientiously. Learning by doing proves pivotal in mastering earthquake-resistant structural systems.Conference paperPublication Metadata only The role of art in the construction of public space: Istanbul biennials from 1987 to 2019(Springer, 2023) Eş, Elif; Özorhon, Güliz; Architecture; ÖZORHON, Güliz; Eş, ElifThis study focuses on the interaction of public space and art, and uses the Istanbul Biennale (1987–2019) as an example to explore the role of art in public space. This study firstly examines public space, art in public space, and public-art issues, and discusses the relationship between public space and art from the past to the present. With its layered and dynamic structure, the Biennale provides a rich space for examining this relationship. The Istanbul Biennial, during its 32-year history, where this relationship can be observed in a certain continuum, was chosen as the field of study. In this study, the distribution of the Istanbul-Biennial in the city, the types of venues used and the relationship between these venues are investigated. For the analysis, firstly, the discourses, themes and curatorial expansions of the 16 biennials were searched through literature and printed media. Secondly, the exhibition venues and their locations/distributions in the city were mapped separately. Eventually, it has been determined that the biennials, which were initially located in the historical city center of Istanbul, have gradually expanded their area and even started to evolve into an open-air exhibition spreading to the peripheries and distant parts of the city in recent years.ArticlePublication Open Access Re-thinking the surface design: How to prevent playground related extremity injuries in children(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Aman, Doğa Dinemis; Architecture; AMAN, Doğa DinemisPublic playgrounds are specially designed spaces for children to play and develop; however, falls are significant causes of children’s injury and are one of the most common mechanisms of injury in emergency departments. The study aims to survey the playground-related mechanism and incidence of extremity injuries in children and rethink the falling surface as designable equipment. The retrospective observational study enrolled 90 children who are injured in playgrounds and visited the emergency department in Istanbul between 2019 and 2020. Later, an observational study was conducted in public playgrounds within the neighborhood boundaries of the emergency department. The results show that the most common playground equipment related to the injury is slides and the most common surfacing material is rubber. The majority of total injuries were classified as upper extremity, and wrist fractures were the predominant injury type. The result of this study shows even with impact-absorbent surfacing such as rubber, fractures occur in children who fall from a certain height. To prevent these falls, rethinking the surface as designable equipment under high play equipment may help slow the fall.ArticlePublication Metadata only The contextual information requirements for collection and use of occupant feedback in BIM-enabled FM(Emerald, 2023) Artan, D.; Tekçe, Işılay; Yilmaz, N.; Ergen, E.; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; TEKÇE, IşılayPurpose: Occupant feedback is crucial for healthy, comfortable and productive offices. Existing facility management (FM) systems are limited in effective use of occupant feedback, as they fail to collect the vital contextual information (e.g. related building element, space) associated with the feedback. The purpose of this study is to formalise the contextual information requirements for structured collection of occupant feedback for rapid diagnosis and resolution of problems and integrating occupant feedback with building information modelling (BIM) for making use of its visualisation and analysis capabilities, and eventually for effective use of occupant feedback in FM operations. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-methods approach was conducted in four steps: (1) identifying occupant feedback types (e.g. echo in meeting room) in office buildings, (2) examining the current practice in collecting and processing occupant feedback via use cases, (3) determining the contextual information requirements via expert interviews and (4) validation of the information requirements via a BIM-integrated prototype. Findings: The findings present the contextual information requirements for 107 occupant feedback types grouped under thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort, visual comfort, building design and facility services. Practical implications: Feedback-specific contextual information items enable structured data collection and help to avoid missing data and minimise the time lost in manual data entry and recursive interaction with the occupants during FM operations. Originality/value: The contextual information requirements determined are expected to enhance occupant satisfaction and FM performance in office buildings by better use of the occupant feedback and integration into BIM-enabled FM and can be extended to other building types in future studies by using the proposed methodology.ArticlePublication Open Access The digitalization of studio practices and its impact on the development of design literacy of first-year architecture students(Oslo Metropolitan University, 2023-12-31) Yorgancıoğlu, Derya; Dağlıoğlu, E. K.; Architecture; YORGANCIOĞLU, DeryaDigital skills are emphasized in the ongoing process of digital transformation in higher education. In this article, digital literacy is discussed within the broader perspective of design literacy and the acceleration of the digitalization process of first-year design education at the time of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020is highlighted. The article interrogates the role of digital skills in the develop-ment of designliteracyof first-year architecture students through a multiple case analysis of ARCH 101 design studio practices executed in the Bachelor of Architecture programmes at the Özyeğin University,Department of Architecture andtheMiddle East Technical University,Department of Architecture. The digitalization processesof ARCH 101 studiosincreased rapidly when the COVID-19 pandemic started and resulted in the integration of digital tools into basic design education in ways thattransformed(1) the communication modalities and the representation and research strategies used by students, and (2) the understanding and methodologiesof the design process when used as generative design toolsReviewPublication Metadata only Valorization of biomass ashes in the production of cementitious composites: A comprehensive review of properties and performance(Elsevier, 2023-11-17) Danish, A.; Karadağ, Ömer; Bilir, T.; Ozbakkaloglu, T.; Architecture; KARADAĞ, ÖmerThe demand for cementitious composites as the most abundantly used construction material is increasing due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, resulting in the exploitation of natural resources. Parallel to this, the ever-increasing world population is raising the demand for agricultural products leading to various challenges in disposing of consequential agricultural waste. One of the popular methods of managing agricultural waste is incineration, resulting in the production of biomass ash, which is eventually landfilled leading to environmental pollution. The scarcity of natural resources and increasing degradation of the environment are instigating scientific investigations to explore the potential of reducing the dependence on energy- and carbon-intensive materials (such as cement) by replacing them with waste materials. Therefore, this study evaluates the influence of biomass ashes (such as rice husk ash (RHA), bamboo leaf ash (BLA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), wood waste ash (WWA), and palm oil fuel ash (POFA)) derived from five abundantly available agricultural waste on the performance of cementitious composites. Based on the previously published literature, the biomass ashes were characterized by analyzing their mineralogical, physiochemical, mechanical, and durability properties. According to the analysis, it can be concluded that 5–10% cement can be replaced with RHA, BLA, WWA, and POFA without any significant effect on cementitious composites’ workability, whereas the incorporation percentage for SCBA can be 5–20%. Moreover, the optimal incorporation percentage of RHA, BLA, SCBA, WWA, and POFA in cementitious composites without any negative influence on the mechanical properties is 5–15%, 5–10%, 5–30%, 5–10%, and 5–20%, respectively. It is worth noting that these replacement ratios can be further increased by subjecting biomass ashes to different pretreatment methods, such as controlled combustion and grounding. The promising findings of this study may encourage additional experimental investigations on this topic to achieve sustainable development goals in agriculture and construction industries.ArticlePublication Open Access Enhancing school buildings energy efficiency under climate change: A comprehensive analysis of energy, cost, and comfort factors(Elsevier, 2023-12-01) Ashrafian Bonab, Touraj; Architecture; ASHRAFIAN BONAB, TourajIncorporating future weather predictions into building assessments is essential for enhancing resilience, energy efficiency, cost savings, comfort, and sustainable infrastructure development in response to climate change. This study investigates the interplay between climate change and building performance, primarily focusing on energy usage, cost implications, and occupant comfort. It examines how future weather conditions impact school buildings in different climates, analyzing energy, cost, and comfort aspects. The research underscores the significance of tailored climate adaptation strategies for various regions and emphasizes considering future performance, even for highly energy-efficient buildings. Employing a comprehensive simulation-based approach, the study implements and validates future weather data in a Turkish school building, incorporating envelope improvements and photovoltaic applications to boost energy efficiency. A distinctive feature is the rigorous validation of future weather predictions against current measured data, facilitating a regional-level assessment of climate change effects on building energy consumption. The study's novelty lies in its detailed evaluation of climate change's multifaceted impacts on buildings, innovative future climate data validation, and contribution to a more localized and climate-specific approach to addressing building energy-cost-comfort performance. Findings reveal that in hot climates, there is a potential for nearly doubling primary energy consumption, global costs, and CO2 emissions in the future for both cost-optimal and nearly zero-energy scenarios. Consequently, the savings would decrease from 53-63 % to 13–30 %. In contrast, in cold climates, the impact on these parameters differs slightly, with reduced primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions but higher global costs. Notably, a building retrofitted to a high energy efficiency level may experience a substantial increase in future energy consumption and global costs, approaching the levels of currently inefficient buildings.ArticlePublication Metadata only Measuring “sustainable development” in vernacular settlements: a case study Behramkale, Türkiye(Emerald, 2023-03) Karahan, Ebru Ergöz; Göçer, Ö.; Boyacıoğlu, Didem; Shrestha, P.; Architecture; KARAHAN, Ebru; BOYACIOĞLU, DidemPurpose: The main objective of this paper is to critically assess sustainable development in the context of Behramkale, a vernacular village in Türkiye. Design/methodology/approach: Vernacular Heritage Sustainable Architecture analysis framework has been adopted to understand and assess vernacular architecture and sustainable development in Behramkale. Findings: The vernacular design of the old Behramkale settlement has shown more sustainable characteristics as compared to the new development area. Key findings show that trade-offs were made with respect to environmental and sociocultural aspects of sustainable development to achieve economic sustainability. Research limitations/implications: Future research with more in-depth interviews would be helpful to find out the inhabitants’ response to the conservation practices. Practical implications: Based on the research conducted, life cycle analysis and sustainable strategies of vernacular settlements can be useful tools to design, develop and improve old settlements, as well as newly established settlements. Social implications: Key lessons learned from conservation practices can help to identify well-adapted solutions to respond to the needs of local communities in Türkiye and similar vernacular settlements in the Mediterranean region. Originality/value: This paper critically assesses sustainable development in the context of vernacular architecture, heritage conservation and rural sustainability. Conservation practices in Türkiye are evaluated deeply as there is limited research in this field within the Mediterranean heritage conversation and sustainable development context.