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Open Access
Bioswales as engineering functions of nature-based solutions to increase urban resilience: A review
(Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 2024-05) Şen, Emine; Şat, Beyza; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; ŞAT, Beyza; Şen, Emine
The increasing challenges posed by climate change are having a more pronounced impact on urban areas than ever before. To ensure the well-being of urban residents, it is imperative to allocate resources for both theoretical knowledge and practical implementation of urban green infrastructure in adaptation and mitigation measures. Nature-based solutions offer a multifaceted approach to addressing these complex challenges. Among these innovative strategies, bioswales emerge as a fundamental and widely adapted element in urban areas, designed to manage stormwater runoff effectively. The successful implementation of bioswales relies on factors such as the choice of materials, orientation, and location within the urban landscape. A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive framework for the use of bioswales concerning ecosystem services and their impact on the quality of urban residents’ lives. This review aimed to scrutinize case studies that examined the selection and engineering aspects of bioswales based on site-specific and climatic conditions, available resources, performance, maintenance, and design decisions. The resulting framework promotes the use of bioswales in the aspect of technological, natural, and socio-economic systems for the sustainable resilience of the cities. The research findings suggest that by optimizing the integration of bioswales with urban elements and improving maintenance practices, there is the potential for a significant and lasting improvement in the quality of urban life. Given the complex landscape of governmental policies and the limited body of research addressing the accessibility and engineering system of nature-based solutions, there is a need for future investigations that involve real-life implementations and additional case studies.
Open Access
Collective co-design activities with children for designing classroom robots
(ACM, 2023-11) Obaid, M.; Baykal, Gökçe Elif; Kırlangıç, G.; Göksun, T.; Yantaç, A. E.; Communication Design; BAYKAL, Gökçe Elif
In order to design classroom robots that meet children's expectations, it may be useful to involve children in the design process. In this paper, we propose a suite of activities that can be utilized collectively to help in co-designing classroom robots. We outline the details of a combination of activities including building a robot model using a dedicated robot toolkit, a placement activity, a story-telling activity, and an interview. We explore the use of these activities through a study with 31 children (8-15 years old), where we analyzed the data using a framework for the design of social robots extended to cover the classroom situation. Our study showed that the activities could help distinguish some clear group preferences regarding the embodiment of the robot, especially the head, arms, and legs, the role of the robot, and the personality. While we used these activities in a study to illustrate their use for an open-ended design process of a classroom robot, we argue that the proposed suite of activities complement each other and may help robot designers to involve children in the design process in a holistic way. This can allow designers to gain elaborate and in-depth insight from children who do not usually (and necessarily) have domain knowledge in classroom robot technologies, and can promote them to articulate ideas and views about the prospective attributes in terms of physical appearance, contextual behavior, and social interaction.
Open Access
The composition of descriptive representation
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Gerring, J.; Jerzak, C. T.; Öncel, Erzen; International Relations; YÜKLEYEN, Erzen Öncel
How well do governments represent the societies they serve? A key aspect of this question concerns the extent to which leaders reflect the demographic features of the population they represent. To address this important issue in a systematic manner, we propose a unified approach for measuring descriptive representation. We apply this approach to newly collected data describing the ethnic, linguistic, religious, and gender identities of over fifty thousand leaders serving in 1,552 political bodies across 156 countries. Strikingly, no country represents social groups in rough proportion to their share of the population. To explain this shortfall, we focus on compositional factors - the size of political bodies as well as the number and relative size of social groups. We investigate these factors using a simple model based on random sampling and the original data described above. Our analyses demonstrate that roughly half of the variability in descriptive representation is attributable to compositional factors.
Open Access
Dispersive transverse waves for a strain-limiting continuum model
(Sage, 2023-10) Erbay, Hüsnü Ata; Rajagopal, K. R.; Saccomandi, G.; Şengül, Y.; Natural and Mathematical Sciences; ERBAY, Hüsnü Ata
It is well known that propagation of waves in homogeneous linearized elastic materials of infinite extent is not dispersive. Motivated by the work of Rubin, Rosenau, and Gottlieb, we develop a generalized continuum model for the response of strain-limiting materials that are dispersive. Our approach is based on both a direct inclusion of Rivlin–Ericksen tensors in the constitutive relations and writing the linearized strain in terms of the stress. As a result, we derive two coupled generalized improved Boussinesq-type equations in the stress components for the propagation of pure transverse waves. We investigate the traveling wave solutions of the generalized Boussinesq-type equations and show that the resulting ordinary differential equations form a Hamiltonian system. Linearly and circularly polarized cases are also investigated. In the case of unidirectional propagation, we show that the propagation of small-but-finite amplitude long waves is governed by the complex Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation.
Open Access
Emotion as an emergent phenomenon of the neurocomputational energy regulation mechanism of a cognitive agent in a decision-making task
(Sage, 2021-02) Kırtay, M.; Vannucci, L.; Albanese, U.; Laschi, C.; Öztop, Erhan; Falotico, E.; Computer Science; ÖZTOP, Erhan
Biological agents need to complete perception-action cycles to perform various cognitive and biological tasks such as maximizing their wellbeing and their chances of genetic continuation. However, the processes performed in these cycles come at a cost. Such costs force the agent to evaluate a tradeoff between the optimality of the decision making and the time and computational effort required to make it. Several cognitive mechanisms that play critical roles in managing this tradeoff have been identified. These mechanisms include adaptation, learning, memory, attention, and planning. One of the often overlooked outcomes of these cognitive mechanisms, in spite of the critical effect that they may have on the perception-action cycle of organisms, is “emotion.” In this study, we hold that emotion can be considered as an emergent phenomenon of a plausible neurocomputational energy regulation mechanism, which generates an internal reward signal to minimize the neural energy consumption of a sequence of actions (decisions), where each action triggers a visual memory recall process. To realize an optimal action selection over a sequence of actions in a visual recalling task, we adopted a model-free reinforcement learning framework, in which the reward signal—that is, the cost—was based on the iteration steps of the convergence state of an associative memory network. The proposed mechanism has been implemented in simulation and on a robotic platform: the iCub humanoid robot. The results show that the computational energy regulation mechanism enables the agent to modulate its behavior to minimize the required neurocomputational energy in performing the visual recalling task.
Open Access
Landscape characteristics and main plant species of floristic composition of Doğanbey old village in Aydın
(Istanbul Univ-Cerrahpasa, 2022-01) Güngör, Beyza Şat; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; ŞAT, Beyza
Doganbey old village is a historic rural settlement that is located in the national park of Dilek Peninsula Buyuk Menderes Delta. The village reflects rural and unique landscape characteristics and units with both natural and human-influenced elements. The aim of this study is to determine floristic composition of the village and to confirm landscape characteristics by field study. As the methodology; empirical analyses were implemented to determine rural landscape characteristic units and plant species identification at the site. Both native and cultural plant species of the village were determined at the site. Results support the uniqueness of the village with its endemic plant species and its rural habitat. In conclusion; touristic potential of the village should be highlighted with a pro- environmental approach, and future implication or development plans should consider biodiversity conservation from the aspect of sustainability of the village.
Open Access
A learning-based dependency to constituency conversion algorithm for the turkish language
(European Language Resources Association (ELRA), 2022) Marşan, B.; Yıldız, O. K.; Kuzgun, A.; Yenice, A; Cesur, N.; Yenice, A. B.; Sanıyar, E.; Kuyrukçu, O.; Arıcan, B. N.; Yıldız, Olcay Taner; Computer Science; YILDIZ, Olcay Taner
This study aims to create the very first dependency-to-constituency conversion algorithm optimised for Turkish language. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art morphologic analyser (Yıldız et al., 2019) and a feature-based machine learning model was used. In order to enhance the performance of the conversion algorithm, bootstrap aggregating meta-algorithm was integrated. While creating the conversation algorithm, typological properties of Turkish were carefully considered. A comprehensive and manually annotated UD-style dependency treebank was the input, and constituency trees were the output of the conversion algorithm. A team of linguists manually annotated a set of constituency trees. These manually annotated trees were used as the gold standard to assess the performance of the algorithm. The conversion process yielded more than 8000 constituency trees whose UD-style dependency trees are also available on GitHub. In addition to its contribution to Turkish treebank resources, this study also offers a viable and easy-to-implement conversion algorithm that can be used to generate new constituency treebanks and training data for NLP resources like constituency parsers.
Open Access
A predictive multistage postdisaster damage assessment framework for drone routing
(Wiley, 2024-01) Adsanver, Birce; Göktürk, Elvin Çoban; Koyuncu, Burcu Balçık; Industrial Engineering; GÖKTÜRK, Elvin Çoban; Adsanver, Birce
This study focuses on postdisaster damage assessment operations supported by a set of drones. We propose a multistage framework, consisting of two phases applied iteratively to rapidly gather damage information within an assessment period. In the initial phase, the problem involves determining areas to be scanned by each drone and the optimal sequence for visiting these selected areas. We have adapted an electric vehicle routing formulation and devised a variable neighborhood descent heuristic for this phase. In the second phase, information collected from the scanned areas is employed to predict the damage status of the unscanned areas. We have introduced a novel, fast, and easily implementable imputation policy for this purpose. To evaluate the performance of our approach in real-life disasters, we develop a case study for the expected 7.5 magnitude earthquake in Istanbul, Turkey. Our numerical study demonstrates a significant improvement in response time and priority-based metrics.
Open Access
Scrutinizing young adult EFL learners’ mediation of gamified student response systems in intensive English foundation courses
(2024) Karanfil, Ferhat; Undergraduate English Program; Aysu, S.; Göçerler, H.; Karanfil, Ferhat
N/A
Open Access
Temperature-dependent particle stability behavior and its effect on radiative transfer in water/SiO2 nanofluids
(Yildiz Technical University, 2021-09) Al-Gebory, Layth Wadhah Ismael; Al-Gebory, Layth Wadhah Ismael
Radiative transfer is one of the methods of energy transport that includes in a wide range of applications and we feel it in our daily lives. Thermal radiation transfer plays an effective role in the utilization of renewable energy. The radiative and optical properties, as well as the nature of the radiative scattering, are the basic principles of the thermal radiation transfer. The unique properties of nanofluids offer the unmatched potential for use in energy utilization, the working temperature has a dominant effect on the stability and radiative properties of such type of suspensions. In this research, the radiative transfer (optical properties, the independent and dependent scattering, and radiative properties) in water/SiO2 nanofluids are investigated; taking into consideration the effect of working temperature on the stability of the particles. The effect of the temperature on the stability ratio and particle agglomeration is determined by estimating the radius of gyration of particle agglomerates using the scaling law based on the stability (DLVO) method. The single-scattering approximation (SSA) is used to calculate the radiative properties in the case of independent scattering, while the quasi-crystalline approximation (QCA) is used for this purpose in the case of dependent scattering. The results show that the temperature has a significant effect on the stability of particles and radiative transfer in nanofluids. It was observed by comparing the results from the two approximation methods in the Rayleigh regime. Particle size affects the physical and scattering cross-sectional areas which give a general understanding of the scattering mechanism from small to large particles.

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