Civil Engineering

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10679/312

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Open Access
BIM execution plan based on BS EN ISO 19650‐1 and BS EN ISO 19650‐2 standards
(Istanbul Technical University, 2020) Çekin, Erhan; Seyis, Senem; Civil Engineering; KAZAZOĞLU, Senem Seyis; Çekin, Erhan
The major requirement of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is to effectively manage information gathered from different project stakeholders. A structured guideline requires for managing the process and information productively. The first global Building Information Modeling (BIM) standards, BS ISO 19650-1 and BS ISO 19650-2, are recently published for managing information over the whole life cycle of a built asset using BIM. The research objective of this study is to develop and implement a BIM execution plan (BEP) based on BS EN ISO 19650‐1 and BS EN ISO 19650‐2, and identify the benefits of using BS EN ISO 19650 standards in the BIM-based construction projects. The results of this study indicate that using ISO 19650 standards in the BIM projects allows stakeholders to (1) demonstrate a significant value proposition for purpose-driven, structured, verified and validated information models, (2) support data exchange in a collaborative information management system efficiently, and (3) minimize data over processing. This study makes a significant contribution to the AEC literature and industry by presenting the development and implementation process of a BIM Execution Plan based on BS EN ISO 19650‐1 and BS EN ISO 19650‐2 standards, and benefits of BS ISO 19650-based BIM projects. This study will promote the use of ISO 19650 standards in the BIM-based construction projects.
Open Access
Case study for comparative analysis of BIM-based LEED building and nonLEED building
(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2022) Seyis, Senem; Civil Engineering; KAZAZOĞLU, Senem Seyis
The objective of this study is to design a sustainable high-rise residential building using Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Building Information Modeling (BIM), and perform comparative analysis for the LEED building and non-LEED building. Within this scope, break-even points of these buildings’ water and energy consumptions as well as additional costs related to sustainability were analyzed. The research methodology relies on the literature review and case study. In the case study, the 3D model of a 15-storey residential building was designed via Autodesk Revit 2019 based on the LEED v4.1 Building Design and Construction (BD+C) rating system. The case study building can achieve 31 credits and 9 prerequisites which allow to obtain 61 points and LEED Gold certificate. By applying LEED v4.1 BD+C procedures, water consumption of the building was reduced by 65.96%, and energy consumption of the building was decreased by 59%. The initial cost of this LEED building is 1.074.833,04 TL which is 852.230.64 TL higher than the initial cost of non-LEED building. According to the break-even point calculations, the initial cost of LEED building can be charged after 13 years 8 months and 12 days. Results make a significant contribution to the literature and industry by showing the requirements and design process of a high-rise residential building using LEED and BIM. This study adds original value to the literature and industry by ensuring practitioners and researchers with constructive information about the energy, water, and cost performance of the LEED buildings. Further, results provide an insight to professionals in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry about the value of green buildings.
Open Access
Çimento-esaslı harçlarda kendiliğinden iyileşmenin sağlanması için 2 bileşenli biyolojik katkı maddesinin geliştirilmesi
(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2021) Tezer, Mustafa Mert; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; Tezer, Mustafa Mert
Purpose: Throughout the literature, studies showed that among several alternatives such as diatomaceous earth (DE), metakaolin, zeolites and expanded clay could be suitable for protection of the bacteria based on their effects on compressive strength and setting, in particular DE was found to be effective in self-healing of cracks. A correct choice of the protection barrier and application methodology are of crucial for further development of self-healing concrete. This study presents a comparative study on the possible use of a mineral additive (DE) and a porous lightweight aggregate (pumice) as a protective barrier for bacterial cells. Theory and Methods: To obtain a two-phase bio additive, half of the minerals were saturated with a nutrient medium consisting of urea, corn-steep liqueur (CSL) and calcium acetate and the cells with immobilized to the other half without nutrients. Screening of the healing process was done with stereomicroscopy imaging, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) analysis and water absorption testing. Results: Cracks with an average width of 0.4 mm in 28-day old mortar specimens were almost completely filled by bio-based precipitate depending on the curing regime. Cracks were sealed even in sample including relatively smaller dosage of nutrients and bacterial cells in presence of moisture. Moreover, the duration of crack healing was approximately 21 days, which was almost half of the duration to remediate the cracks when cells were directly incorporated to the mix. Conclusion: With this approach, the cracks on mortar surface were sealed and the water absorption capacity of the socalled self-healed mortar decreased compared to its counterpart cracked mortar samples.
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Community resilience-focused technical investigation of the 2016 Lumberton, North Carolina, flood: An interdisciplinary approach
(American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020-08-01) van de Lindt, J. W.; Peacock, W. G.; Mitrani-Reiser, J.; Rosenheim, N.; Deniz, Derya; Dillard, M.; Tomiczek, T.; Koliou, M.; Graettinger, A.; Crawford, P. S.; Harrison, K.; Barbosa, A.; Tobin, J.; Helgeson, J.; Peek, L.; Memari, M.; Sutley, E. J.; Hamideh, S.; Gu, D.; Cauffman, S.; Fung, J.; Civil Engineering; DENİZ, Derya
In early October 2016, Hurricane Matthew crossed North Carolina as a Category 1 storm, with some areas receiving 0.38-0.46 m (15-18 in.) of rainfall on already saturated soil. The NIST-funded Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning teamed with researchers from NIST's Engineering Laboratory (Disaster and Failure Studies Program, Community Resilience Group, and the Applied Economics Office) to conduct a field study focused on the impacts of the Lumber River flooding in Lumberton, North Carolina. Lumberton is a racially and ethnically diverse community with higher than average poverty and unemployment rates, a typical civil infrastructure for a city of 22,000 residents, and a city council form of government. The field data described in this paper are from the first wave in an ongoing longitudinal research project documenting the impacts and subsequent recovery processes following the 2016 riverine flooding in Lumberton. The initial data collection for this longitudinal community resilience-focused field study had two major objectives: (1) document initial conditions after the flood for the longitudinal study of Lumberton's recovery, with a focus on improving flood-damage and population-dislocation models; and (2) develop a multidisciplinary protocol providing a quantitative linkage between engineering-based flood damage assessments and social science-based household interviews that capture socioeconomic conditions (e.g., social vulnerabilities related to race, ethnicity, income, tenancy status, and education levels). This type of interdisciplinary longitudinal research is critical to better understand community processes in the face of disasters and ultimately provide data and inform best practices for enhancing resilience to natural hazards in US communities. This paper describes the development and implementation of this interdisciplinary effort and offers an example of combining an engineering assessment of flood damage to residential structures and social science data to model household dislocation. Dislocation probabilities were primarily driven by flooding damage but also varied significantly among Lumberton's racial/ethnic populations and by tenure.
Open Access
Comparison of blast analysis methods for modular steel structures
(Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers, 2018-03) Erkmen, Bülent; Civil Engineering; ERKMEN, Bülent
Two blast analysis methods widely used are three-dimensional finite element (FE) and uncoupled equivalent single degree of freedom (ESDOF) methods. The uncoupled equivalent ESDOF method, which is the most common blast analysis method, provides considerable advantages and simplicity in analysis and design stages. However, the inherent assumptions and simplifications involved but especially neglecting member's dynamic interactions can significantly affect accuracy of analysis results. In this study, blast performance of a prototype two-module steel blast-resistant building is evaluated using uncoupled ESDOF and FE methods. The results are compared to evaluate adequacy of uncoupled ESDOF method for blast analysis of the structure.
Open Access
Composite cold-formed steel rubberised concrete building framed systems
(Avestia Publishing, 2022) Iraguha, Dieudonne; Deniz, Derya; Sabbagh, A. B.; Torabian, S.; Jafarifar, N.; Civil Engineering; DENİZ, Derya; Iraguha, Dieudonne
In this research, with the use of cold-formed steel (CFS) sections in-filled with rubberized concrete (RuC), a new low-carbon construction system is developed and assessed for its structural resilience and environmental impact compared to the current conventional earthquake-proof construction. First, connection level moment-rotation responses of the new form of CFS-RuC framed structure are validated against the results obtained from detailed finite element analyses. Next, nonlinear pushover analyses are undertaken on the CFS-RuC framed system in conjunction with conventional hot-rolled steel and reinforced-concrete (RC) frames for a case study selected in Istanbul. Lastly, economic and environmental impact analyses are conducted on the frame systems. The results show that the new CFS-RuC composite system offers both structural and environmental advantages compared to conventional systems. In terms of seismic performance of multi-storey buildings, it is shown that the ductility capacity of the CFS-RuC system can be improved by increasing the number of stories.
Open Access
Designing façade and envelope for a high-rise residential building using energy-efficient materials: A case in Istanbul, Turkey
(IOP Publishing, 2022) Azima, Mahshad; Seyis, Senem; Civil Engineering; KAZAZOĞLU, Senem Seyis; Azima, Mahshad
The construction industry is responsible for 40% of global energy demand as buildings increase heating, cooling, and lighting demand. Therefore, building energy performance has become one of the most significant subjects for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decade. The envelope of a building has an essential role in optimizing energy performance and consumption. The research objective of this study is to analyse and compare the impact of different envelope and facade materials on building energy performance for a high-rise residential building. The research methodology includes a literature review and a case study. The literature review analysed studies published between 2015 and 2021. In the literary review, 84 publications were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus databases, and the following sources were included: articles published in prominent journals, conference proceedings, thesis, scientific reports, and books. In the case study, passive strategies including building shape, orientation, insulation, window-wall ratio, and shelter were implemented in a 10-story residential building in Istanbul, Turkey. Design-Builder and EnergyPlus were used for analysing and comparing the energy performance of the different wall, insulation, and glass materials used in the building. Results demonstrate that each parameter and material has a considerable impact on the building energy performance. This study would contribute to the AEC literature and industry by comparing different envelope materials' energy performance and the proper scenario according to Turkey(Istanbul)'s climate. Policy-makers and decision-makers can benefit from the results of this research and amend the existing codes and policies for new high-rise buildings.
Open Access
Effects of oil contamination and bioremediation on geotechnical properties of highly plastic clayey soil
(Elsevier, 2021-06) Salimnezhad, Araz; Soltani-Jigheh, H.; Soorki, A. A.; Salimnezhad, Araz
Leakage of oil and its derivatives into the soil can change the engineering behavior of soil as well as cause environmental disasters. Also, recovering the contaminated sites into their natural condition and making contaminated materials as both environmentally and geotechnically suitable construction materials need the employment of remediation techniques. Bioremediation, as an efficient, low cost and environmental-friendly approach, was used in the case of highly plastic clayey soils. To better understand the change in geotechnical properties of highly plastic fine-grained soil due to crude oil contamination and bioremediation, Atterberg limits, compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, and consolidation tests were conducted on natural, contaminated, and bioremediated soil samples to investigate the effects of contamination and remediation on fine-grained soil properties. Oil contamination reduced maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear strength, swelling pressure, and coefficient of consolidation of soil. In addition, contamination increased the compression and swelling indices and compressibility of soil. Bioremediation reduced soil contamination by about 50%. Moreover, in comparison with contaminated soil, bioremediation reduced the MDD, UCS, swelling index, free swelling and swelling pressure of soil, and also increased OMC, shear strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, failure strain, porosity, compression index, and settlement. Microstructural analyses showed that oil contamination does not alter the soil structure in terms of chemical compounds, elements, and constituent minerals. While it decreased the specific surface area of the soil, and the bioremediation significantly increased the mentioned parameters. Bioremediation resulted in the formation of quasi-fibrous textures and porous and agglomerated structures. As a result, oil contamination affected the mechanical properties of soil negatively, but bioremediation improved these properties.
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End-of-life materials used as supplementary cementitious materials in the concrete industry
(MDPI, 2020-04) Nicoara, A. I.; Stoica, A. E.; Vrabec, M.; Rogan, N. S.; Sturm, S.; Ow-Yang, C.; Gulgun, M. A.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Ciuca, I.; Vasile, B. S.; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
A sustainable solution for the global construction industry can be partial substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) sourced from industrial end-of-life (EOL) products that contain calcareous, siliceous and aluminous materials. Candidate EOL materials include fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), natural pozzolanic materials like sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), rice husk ash (RHA), mine tailings, marble dust, construction and demolition debris (CDD). Studies have revealed these materials to be cementitious and/or pozzolanic in nature. Their use as SCMs would decrease the amount of cement used in the production of concrete, decreasing carbon emissions associated with cement production. In addition to cement substitution, EOL products as SCMs have also served as coarse and also fine aggregates in the production of eco-friendly concretes.
Open Access
Evaluating the impact of building envelope on energy performance: Cooling analyses
(Golden Light Publishing, 2022-03-31) Azima, Mahshad; Seyis, Senem; Civil Engineering; KAZAZOĞLU, Senem Seyis; Azima, Mahshad
Buildings require a significant amount of energy for heating, cooling, and lighting. Hence, building energy performance has become one of the most important topics in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decade. The building envelope plays a critical role in maximizing energy efficiency and decreasing energy consumption generally. The research objective of this study is to examine and compare the effects of three different building envelope types on energy performance in a high-rise residential building. A literature review and case study were performed for achieving the research objective of this study. In the literature review, records (i.e., journal articles, conference proceedings, and scientific reports) published between 2011 and 2021 were included, and Web of Science and Scopus databases were used. In the case study, passive methods including building design, orientation, insulation, and window-to-wall ratio were employed for a 10-story reinforced concrete residential building in Istanbul, Turkey. The energy performance of the different wall, insulation, and glass components utilized in the building was analyzed and compared via DesignBuilder software. Findings show that each parameter and material have a significant impact on the energy performance of a structure. This research would make a noteworthy contribution to the AEC literature and industry by analyzing the energy performance of different building envelope types and the appropriate scenarios based on the location. The results of this study can be used by policymakers and decisionmakers to revise existing codes and policies for new high-rise buildings.
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Flood performance and dislocation assessment for Lumberton homes after Hurricane Matthew
(Seoul National University, 2019-05-26) Deniz, Derya; Sutley, E. J.; van de Lindt, J. W.; Peacock, W. G.; Rosenheim, N.; Gu, D.; Mitrani-Reiser, J.; Dillard, M.; Koliou, M.; Hamideh, S.; Civil Engineering; DENİZ, Derya
In order to better understand community resilience following a disaster, a multidisciplinary research team from the Center of Excellence (CoE) for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) jointly conducted a series of longitudinal field studies in the U.S. city of Lumberton, North Carolina following major flooding from Hurricane Matthew (2016). Damage surveys on structures and interviews with households were conducted during the first field study to explore physical, economic, and social impacts of major riverine flooding on this small, tri-racial community. This paper is focused on damage to housing and subsequent household dislocation. Empirical damage fragilities were developed for residential buildings using a comprehensive set of engineering damage inspection data collected by the team. Multi-variate models were developed to assess the consequences of physical damage to housing units for household dislocation, including socio-demographic factors. The goal was not to develop the definitive model of household dislocation, but rather to show how engineering and social science data can be combined to better understand the broader social impacts of disasters - in this case, household dislocation. This study may help inform assessments of flood damage and dislocation patterns for other U.S. communities as a function of construction, social, and economic makeup.
Open Access
Fly-ash evaluation as potential EOL material replacement of cement in pastes: Morpho-structural and physico-chemical properties assessment
(MDPI, 2022-04-24) Vasile, B. S.; Nicoara, A. I.; Surdu, V. A.; Ene, V. L.; Neacsu, I. A.; Stoica, A. E.; Oprea, O.; Boierasu, I.; Trusca, R.; Vrabec, M.; Miklavic, B.; Sturm, S.; Ow-Yang, C.; Gulgun, M. A.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran
The main objective of the study was to produce alternative binder materials, obtained with low cost, low energy consumption, and low CO2 production, by regenerating end-of-life (EOL) materials from mineral deposits, to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The materials analyzed were ash and slag from the Turceni thermal power plant deposit, Romania. These were initially examined for morphology, mineralogical composition, elemental composition, degree of crystallinity, and heating behavior, to determine their ability to be used as a potential source of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and to establish the activation and transformation temperature in the SCM. The in-situ pozzolanic behavior of commercial cement, as well as cement mixtures with different percentages of ash addition, were further observed. The mechanical resistance, water absorption, sorptivity capacity, resistance to alkali reactions (ASR), corrosion resistance, and resistance to reaction with sulfates were evaluated in this study using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy.
Open Access
Identification of common data environment functions during construction phase of BIM-based projects
(Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 2021-10) Özkan, Selen; Seyis, Senem; Civil Engineering; ÖZKAN, Selen; KAZAZOĞLU, Senem Seyis
The utilization of building information modeling (BIM) has been rapidly increasing in the last decade as it stimulates project constructability, quality, efficiency, and success. A well-structured and organized information system is the major requirement to ensure adequate collection, management and dissemination of documentation and the central BIM-model for the whole project team. This consistent source of information, called as the common data environment (CDE), carries an important role to achieve a centralized information system in the BIM-based construction projects. Despite the general perception, common data environments (CDEs) should not be considered only as a digital storage and sharing space. A CDE system, set up at the beginning of the project according to the international standards, can support the successful project management by providing instant insights related to the project performance and eliminating non-value adding activities (e.g., rework, defect). Although the CDE is an ultimate necessity for a data-driven construction project management, the literature remains quite incapable of revealing the functions of the CDE system. The aim of this study is to identify and categorize the CDE functions used in the construction phase of BIM-based projects. In the first step, possible CDE functions were derived from a literature review and online sources. In the second step, semi-structured focused interviews were conducted with five subject matter experts who use the CDE system efficiently in the international BIM-based construction projects. This methodology allows to link aspects of different perspectives and achieve meaningful and reliable outputs. The results will provide valuable information about the CDE functions in the BIM-based construction projects to practitioners and researchers. Further, this research can create awareness about the CDEs and encourage the use of CDEs in the BIM projects.
Open Access
Immobilization of bacterial cells on natural minerals for self-healing cement-based materials
(Frontiers Media, 2021-04-13) Sandalcı, Ilgın; Tezer, M. M.; Bundur, Zeynep Başaran; Civil Engineering; BUNDUR, Zeynep Başaran; Sandalcı, Ilgın
Recent research in the field of concrete materials showed that it might be possible to develop a smart cement-based material that is capable of remediating cracks by Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). The early remediation of microcracks enables the design of cement-based systems with an elongated service life with a sustainable approach. However, the main challenge of the application is to extend the viability of the cells against the restrictive environment of cement-paste. These cells have to tolerate the highly alkaline conditions of cement paste, survive the mixing process, and remain viable even when access to nutrients is limited. This paper summarizes a novel study undertaken to investigate the self-healing efficiency of Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) cells immobilized on zeolite and sepiolite minerals having the same particle size. This manuscript reports an extensive experimental study to understand the factors influencing the efficiency of immobilization barriers, such as composition and reactivity. To obtain the bio-additive, the bacterial cells were immobilized without nutrients and additional nutrients were only provided during the curing stage after crack initiation. Screening of the healing process was done with ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing and stereomicroscopy. Further evaluation on performance was done by evaluating the decrease in water absorption capacity. The healing precipitate was characterized through Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). With this approach, the cracks on mortar surface were sealed and the water absorption capacity of the so-called self-healed mortar decreased compared to its counterpart cracked mortar samples. Sepiolite was found to be a more suitable bedding for the microorganisms compared to zeolite, therefore samples containing sepiolite exhibited a higher performance in terms of crack healing. The results showed that while vegetative cell immobilization on locally available materials is a simple and economically feasible approach the healing capacity of bacterial cells can be hindered due to the reactivity of the mineral.
Open Access
Micro-a-fluidics ELISA for rapid CD4 cell count at the point-of-care
(Nature, 2014-01-22) Wang, S.; Tasoglu, S.; Chen, P. Z.; Chen, M.; Akbaş, Ragıp; Wach, S.; Ozdemir, C. İ.; Gurkan, U. A.; Giguel, F. F.; Kuritzkes, D. R.; Demirci, U.; Civil Engineering; AKBAŞ, Ragıp
HIV has become one of the most devastating pathogens in human history. Despite fast progress in HIV-related basic research, antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains the most effective method to save AIDS patients' lives. Unfortunately, ART cannot be universally accessed, especially in developing countries, due to the lack of effective treatment monitoring diagnostics. Here, we present an inexpensive, rapid and portable micro-a-fluidic platform, which can streamline the process of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a fully automated manner for CD4 cell count. The micro-a-fluidic CD4 cell count is achieved by eliminating operational fluid flow via “moving the substrate”, as opposed to “flowing liquid” in traditional ELISA or microfluidic methods. This is the first demonstration of capturing and detecting cells from unprocessed whole blood using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a microfluidic channel. Combined with cell phone imaging, the presented micro-a-fluidic ELISA platform holds great promise for offering rapid CD4 cell count to scale up much needed ART in resource-constrained settings. The developed system can be extended to multiple areas for ELISA-related assays.
Open Access
A new embankment construction method through the analysis of possible failure mechanisms in soft soils
(International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2019) Arama, Z. A.; Çinicioğlu, Safiye Feyza; Civil Engineering; ÇİNİCİOĞLU, Safiye Feyza
A new method to analyze the failure behavior of embankments on soft soils is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on the evaluation of stability considerations applied on a possible mechanism which can be initiated by embankment loading. The developed procedure is applied on a successive set of failure mechanisms that extend towards depth starting from the surface. The envisaged mechanism is made up of concentric half circles starting from the toe of the embankment and spreading towards the deeper soils. By partitioning the circular strips by a slip fan system originating from the center of concentric circles a system of collapse mechanism partitioned to produce finite elements is created. Available stress values at each element are found by applying the rules of the lower bound plasticity solution. Once the stresses and the dimensions of the constructed mechanism are defined stability calculations are made to find the critical depth that will result in failure for any desired embankment height. Moreover safety factors mobilized at lower depths can be calculated. © The authors and IGS: All rights reserved, 2019.
Open Access
Rateworkspace: BIM integrated post-occupancy evaluation system for office buildings
(International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, 2022-04) Artan, D.; Ergen, E.; Kula, B.; Işın, Gürşans Güven; Civil Engineering; IŞIN, Gürşans Güven
The feedback obtained from occupants regarding their comfort needs and performance of buildings is critical for assessing occupant satisfaction, identifying the operation and maintenance (O&M) issues in time and for improving resource efficiency in buildings. Current facility management (FM) systems and occupant feedback collection practices, however, have limitations in supporting effective decision-making in FM, as they lack the necessary contextual data related to the occupant feedback (e.g., building geometry, systems, elements). Building Information Modeling (BIM)-enabled FM systems are used for combining different types of FM information with building models; however, occupant feedback is still not effectively utilized in FM since it is not integrated with BIM. In this study, a BIM integrated post-occupancy evaluation system prototype is developed for: (1) collecting occupant feedback along with the contextual information related to the feedback items in a structured way, and (2) presenting this information as integrated with BIM to the facility managers. This enables conducting spatio-temporal queries and supports effective decision-making by visualizing the collected feedback. The prototype was designed by using qualitative shadowing with FM teams to identify information needs and use case analysis to determine how contextual data integrated with BIM could be collected from office occupants who are non-technical persons with limited information on building models. This paper identifies the FM query categories that are required to process the occupant feedback and describes the RateWorkSpace prototype developed for office buildings. The deployment of the prototype in a real-world office demonstrates that the proposed system is applicable, practical, usable, and that real-time building performance data can be both collected and analysed with the developed system. This has the potential to increase the effectiveness of the FM and O&M processes, and help to create office spaces with optimized energy use and occupant comfort that also supports occupant well-being and productivity.
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Relationship between response modification coefficient and displacement amplification factor for different seismic levels and site classes
(National Technical University of Athens, 2019) Erkmen, Bülent; Civil Engineering; Papadrakakis, M.; Fragiadakis, M.; ERKMEN, Bülent
Modern seismic design provisions allow structural systems to be designed for reduced forces, which are typically much smaller than the corresponding elastic design loads. This reduction in seismic loads is done by using response modification coefficient. The maximum deflection or drift of structural systems is typically predicted by scaling deflections corresponding to this reduced force on elastic line by displacement amplification factor. The values of these two seismic design factors, which are independent of seismic level and site (soil) class for a given type of structure, are mostly based on accumulated experience from past earthquakes and engineering judgment. In this study, a large number of five story parking garage structures were designed with a range of response modification factors for two seismic levels and for different site classes. The seismic performance of the structures was determined by performing nonlinear time history analysis with several recorded earthquake records on corresponding site classes. The computed maximum drift values were used to develop relationship between response modification coefficient and corresponding deflection amplification factor for each site class and seismic level. The results show that these two seismic design parameters are related but seismic level and site classes does not have significant effects on the relationship.
Open Access
Risky maritime encounter patterns via clustering
(MDPI, 2023-04-28) Oruç, Muhammet Furkan; Altan, Yiğit Can; Civil Engineering; ALTAN, Yiğit Can; Oruç, Muhammet Furkan
The volume of maritime traffic is increasing with the growing global trade demand. The effect of volume growth is especially observed in narrow and congested waterways as an increase in the ship-ship encounters, which can have severe consequences such as collision. This study aims to analyze and validate the patterns of risky encounters and provide a framework for the visualization of model variables to explore patterns. Ship–ship interaction database is developed from the AIS messages, and interactions are analyzed via unsupervised learning algorithms to determine risky encounters using ship domain violation. K-means clustering-based novel methodology is developed to explore patterns among encounters. The methodology is applied to a long-term dataset from the Strait of Istanbul. Findings of the study support that ship length and ship speed can be used as indicators to understand the patterns in risky encounters. Furthermore, results show that site-specific risk thresholds for ship–ship encounters can be determined with additional expert judgment. The mid-clusters indicate that the ship domain violation is a grey zone, which should be treated carefully rather than a bold line. The developed approach can be integrated to narrow and congested waterways as an additional safety measure for maritime authorities to use as a decision support tool.
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A rule-based methodology for automated progress monitoring of construction activities: A case for masonry work
(International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, 2019) Işın, Gürşans Güven; Ergen, E.; Civil Engineering; IŞIN, Gürşans Güven
The conventional approach that is used to monitor construction projects is to collect progress data from the construction site through visual investigation. This results in deficient and sometimes erroneous data, and leads to inefficiencies in project control, delays and cost overruns. To address these problems in building construction projects, an approach was developed to automatically monitor activity progress by tracking major construction equipment and bulk materials using sensor-based technologies that are cost-effective and easy to deploy. In this approach data obtained from sensors (e.g., load sensor) and/or other sensor-based technologies (i.e., Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)), which were deployed on major construction resources, were fused using rule-based algorithms to determine the activity progress. This progress data was compared with human-generated site related data (e.g., schedules, site reports) to determine the activity performance. This paper presents the developed data fusion approach and rule-based data fusion algorithms that incorporate the domain-specific heuristic information for determining the activity's overall progress. To validate the proposed approach, a proof-of-concept prototype was deployed and tested at a construction site for monitoring the progress of masonry work. The results show that the developed approach achieved 95% average accuracy in identifying the progress of the masonry work that was monitored during the field tests. The main contributions of this study are the rule-based data fusion approach and the rules that were developed for processing data from equipment and bulk materials. These rules can be used to determine the progress of other activities that use similar resources.

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