International Relations

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10679/714

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 97

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Technology and social theory
(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012-10) Shields, Mark A.
More than twenty-five years ago social theorist Randall Collins aptly pointed out that technology was one of sociology’s “unexplored dark spots.” Had he then perused the pages of Technology and Culture, he could have noted that usable social theory was largely missing from the history of technology as well. Since then many historians of technology have embraced one quite-specific theoretical framework—social constructivism—and shown some openness to other perspectives as well. Despite lingering skepticism about its utility, SCOT has enriched the narrative and analytical range of scholarship in the field. At the same time, however, social theorists have shown no remotely comparable opening to the history of technology. As far as social theory goes, the history of technology is a dark hole.
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Sculpting the nation in early republican Turkey
(Wiley, 2013) Gür, Faik; International Relations; GÜR, Faik
Public monuments and statues of Atatürk, the founding father of the Turkish republic, are everywhere in modern Turkey. By the time Atatürk died in 1938, hundreds of busts, statues and monuments of him had already been erected in most important public spaces in İstanbul, Ankara and other major cities in Turkey. They exemplify one of the most effective instruments of the elite-driven projects of modernity by revealing the ways in which Atatürk and his political elites attempted to establish a new official public culture and official history. They have been instrumental in the formation and reproduction of Turkish nationalism since the beginning of the Turkish republic. If statuary is accepted in today's Turkey (marking a shift from the perception of figurative forms as something against the Islamic canon) the statues, monuments and busts of Atatürk have played a central role in this. However, they have also dominated open spaces in a way which has prevented city dwellers from constructing local identities through allegorical representations of the history of their cities.
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Christopher Dole. Healing secular life: loss and devotion in modern Turkey. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2012. x + 291 pages.
(Cambridge University Press, 2013-10) Arslan, Berna Zengin; Humanities and Social Sciences; ARSLAN, Berna
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Migrants' uncertainties versus states' insecurities: transit migration in Turkey
(2014) İçduygu, A.; Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
Since the early 1980s, Turkey has become an important route for so-called transit migration flows in the south-east of Europe. People from different parts of the South and East have begun to use the Turkish peninsula as a bridge to the West and the North, where they hope to find better living conditions. The number of such people is unknown as there are no figures available for ‘irregular transit migration’ passing through Turkey, which is an expected result, given the murky nature of this phenomenon.
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Legal pluralism and the Shari'a: a comparison of Greece and Turkey
(Wiley, 2014-08) Turner, B. S.; Arslan, Berna Zengin; Humanities and Social Sciences; ARSLAN, Berna
The creation of a national and unified legal system was an important aspect of the rise of the modern state and national citizenship. However, this interpretation of legal rationalization has been challenged by sociologists of law such as Eugene Ehrlich (1862–1922) who claimed that this juridical theory of state-centred law masked the presence of customary laws outside this formal system. In critical theories of the law, legal pluralism is proposed against the idea of legal sovereignty or legal centralism. In this article we explore the implications of the growth of the Shari'a as an example of legal pluralism. We take Turkey and Greece as two interesting but different examples of legal pluralism and consider the implications of these case studies for debates about liberalism, multiculturalism and citizenship in multi-faith societies.
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The changing waves of migration from the Balkans to Turkey: a historical account
(Springer, 2015) İçduygu, A.; Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
Ahmet İçduygu and Deniz Sert tell the history of migration from the Balkans to Turkey from the end of the nineteenth century to the present. They relate this history to nation-building, but also to economic conditions and specific Turkish concerns, such as the perceived need for immigration to compensate for a declining population at that time. They also demonstrate that after 1990, ethnic migration decreased and irregular labour migration became more important.
Open Access
Araştırma sürecini açmak: bir vaka ve bir sosyoloji araştırması
(Uluslararası Kıbrıs Üniversitesi, 2015) Gür, Faik; International Relations; GÜR, Faik
Araştırma süreci, felsefi sorunsallaştırmadan “self-reflexivity” tartışmalarına ve sürecin sadece mekanik yönünün kayda alınması gibi hafıza oluşturma eylemine kadar geniş bir yelpazede ele alınabilecek bir süreçtir. Süreci bilgi üretme alanına dahil etmek ayrıca problemli bir meseledir. İçinde araştırmacılar için “tehlikeler” barındırmıyor demek yanlış olur. Örneğin alan deneyimi ya da tanıklığını yazarken kurgu ya da anı olarak değerlendirebilecek bir noktaya varabilirsiniz. Disiplinler arası çalışmaları önemsemek, bu şekilde ortaya çıkabilecek uç noktaları törpüleyebilir ama bir disipline özgü derinliğin kazandıracağı sorgulama düzeyini tutturamama, her zaman yüksek bir olasılık olarak ortada durmaktadır. Bir taraftan her disiplinin hassaslıklarına hakim olabilmek diğer taraftan konuyu her disiplinin göremediği bir kör noktadan sunabilmek, kotarılması kolay olmayan bir formasyon demektir. Bunu aşmanın en etkili yollarından birisi kuşkusuz farklı disiplinlerde uzmanlaşmış araştırmacıların birlikte çalışmasıdır.
Open Access
Aleviliği tanımlamak: Türkiye’de dinin yönetimi, sekülerlik ve diyanet
(Mülkiyeliler Birliği, 2015) Arslan, Berna Zengin; Humanities and Social Sciences; ARSLAN, Berna
Diyanet, uzun süre akademik ve siyasi çevrelerce Türkiye’de laikliğin istisna bir kurumu, yeterince sekülerleşememiş olmamızın bir göstergesi olarak görüldü. Oysa bugün, özellikle antropoloji disiplini içinden, din ve sekülerliği birbirine zıt ve kesin sınırlarla ayrılmış olarak anlayan bu yaklaşıma eleştiriler getirilmekte ve bir ulus devlet pratiği olarak sekülerliğin kendini din alanıyla ilişki içinde kurduğu vurgulanmaktadır (Asad, 2003). Bu açıdan baktığımızda, farklı örnekler için seküler devletin elini din alanından çekmediğini, aksine din alanını yönettiğini (Turner, 2013) ve (modern anlamda) din alanında kurucu bir rol oynadığını görüyoruz (Asad, 2003). Daha önce, Bryan Turner’ın ‘dinin yönetimi’ (management of religion) kavramına referansla, Diyanet’in Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca, din alanının ve sekülerliğin şekillenmesinde ve yönetiminde temel kurumlardan biri olduğunu vurgulamıştık (Turner ve Zengin Arslan, 2013). Bu makale ise, ‘dinin yönetimi’ kavramı yardımıyla, devletin Alevilik konusuna yaklaşımını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Cumhuriyet rejiminin Aleviliği seküler kimlik içinde eriterek tanıdığını, bu anlamda Aleviliği yok saydığını; AKP iktidarı döneminde ise, AB süreciyle birlikte devletin ‘Alevi açılımı’na yöneldiğini; ancak bu süreçte iktidarın Aleviliği tanımak değil, kendi bakış açısından, Alevilere rağmen tanımlamaya yöneldiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu tanımlamanın, Sünni İslam’ın din anlayışı üzerinden, Sünni İslam’a referansla ve Diyanet’in himayesinde yazılı kültüre geçirilme gibi bir dizi yönetim stratejisi ile gerçekleştirildiğini göstermektedir.
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Consequences of reversing the European Union integration
(Wiley, 2015-01) Kugler, J.; Fisunoğlu, Ali; Yeşilada, B.
Today, financial crisis once again threatens the unity among member states and future of the European Union. The magnitude of the problem is so grave that observers and analysts have concluded a big decision must be made regarding fiscal union (thus political union) to save EMU. “Is this really the end of the road for Eurozone?” Using Power Transition theory, our analysis shows that trust and relative political capabilities are essential to build a stable Union. While it is clear that the center of global politics is shifting away from Europe and the United States to the Asian giants—the transition from West to East can be effectively planned so that the future units are satisfied with each other rather than distrustful, dissatisfied, and contentious. The slowdown of integration is not simply a regional problem with serious consequences for the economic stability of Europe. Far more importantly, our analysis suggests that the process of integration that has reduced tensions within a region previously characterized by major wars may be declining and that this in and of itself could reset the stage not only for regional confrontations but increase the likelihood that global wars may once more be considered as means to solve disputes. The European Union cannot afford to move from the cooperative contest to a confrontational one where solutions are arrived at by force rather than reason. Therefore, the challenge for European leaders is to resolve the current crisis in the EMU and build upon it a reinvigorated union that once more provides a path for complete regional integration.
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Houses on wheels: national attachment, belonging and cosmopolitanism in narratives of transnational professionals
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015-04) Erkmen, Tülay Deniz; International Relations; ERKMEN, Tülay Deniz
This article contributes to discussions on the relationship between national attachments and cosmopolitanization by unpacking the meanings of national attachments and post-national identifications in the case of transnational professionals, focusing on narratives of professionals embedded in transnational business networks in two locations; Istanbul and New York City. Using in-depth interviews, the article argues that in the case of transnational professionals one can talk about ‘rooted’ cosmopolitanism in two senses: first, underlining the continuing role of national attachments as roots; and second, pointing to a process in which the post-national identity is derived from specific experiences in multiple locations, grounding the respondents in their fluid lives. It is through mobility that the respondents develop a sense of belonging – not in spite of it.
Open Access
Bir tütün köyünde tarımsal dönüşüm ve kadın emeği
(Uluslararası Kıbrıs Üniversitesi, 2016) Gür, Faik; International Relations; GÜR, Faik
Orta büyüklükte bir Türk köyünde büyüdüm. Köy, İç Ege yöresindeydi. Yöre toprağı görece verimsiz ve çorak olmakla birlikte 1960'lardan itibaren en iyi kalite tütün üretilmekteydi. Sulama sistemleri olmadığı için pamuk ve benzeri ürünlerin yetiştirilmesine toprak uygun değildi. Ancak Banaz Çayı kıyısında bulunan bir miktar verimli ve sulanabilir arazide üzüm ve bazı sebzeler yetiştirilebiliyordu. Üretimi 2000 yılında sınırlanana kadar tütün dışındaki tüm tarımsal üretim faaliyetlerinin köy ekonomisi üzerindeki etkisi hayli sınırlıydı. 1980 ve 1990lardaki tütün üretiminde uzmanlaşma, köyün ekonomik faaliyetlerindeki metalaşma süreçlerini yoğunlaştırdı. Örneğin, köyün geçimlik düzeyi meta düzeyine dönüştü. Geçimlik düzeyindeki mal ve hizmetlerin çoğu metalaştı. Süt, yumurta ve ekmek gibi bu alana ait ürünler köy bakkalında satılır oldu. Bu makalede, köydeki metalaşma süreçlerindeki emek ve hizmet arzının çoğunlukla ataerkil düzenin etkisinde örgütlenen kadın emeğine bağlı olduğunu ileri sürüyorum. Mevcut yapıya karşın kadınların, karşılıklı emek değişimi ve kadın yardımlaşma toplantıları gibi yollarla sosyal alanı nasıl kullandıklarını, varlıklarını nasıl güçlendirdiklerini ve karar verme süreçlerinde nasıl yer aldıklarını inceliyorum.
Open Access
Islands in a sea of fog: a rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research in the pre-1816 period
(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi, 2016) Travlos, Konstantinos; International Relations; TRAVLOS, Konstantinos
In this manuscript I present a rapid evidence assessment of articles that use quantitative methods to analyze peace and conflict dynamics, and topics relevant to conflict processes, in temporal domains that include periods before 1816. The study of pre-modern international relations using quantitative methods is a minority endeavor in the field. Using a semi-random sample of 54 articles published between 1970-2015 I familiarize scholars with this scholarly corpus. I evaluate what that corpus can tell us about the argument that the pre-1816 period is to different from the post-1816 period for useful cross-period comparison. The findings do not support such an argument of difference.
Open Access
The oxymoron of perpetual temporary protection: Syrians in Turkey
(Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, 2016) Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
The crisis in Syria has entered its fifth year, becoming a protracted conflict in international conflict terminology. Based on figures compiled by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as of March 16, 2016, there were 4.8 million registered Syrians in the neighboring countries of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. Data provided by the Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM) in Turkey show that as of March 24, 2016, 2.75 million, or 57 % of the people mentioned above, were registered in Turkey. While 10 percent of the Syrians in Turkey were living in camps, the rest were dispersed in various Turkish cities. Three cities—Şanlıurfa, Istanbul, and Hatay— host more Syrians combined (1.2 million) than the entire European continent, where the total Syrian asylum applications were 935,008 for the period between April 2011 and January 2016.
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Governing without control: Turkey's “struggle” with international migration
(Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2016) Sert, Deniz Şenol; Yildiz, U.; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
Since the 1980s, Turkey's role in the international migratory scene has changed substantially, as the country has transformed from being a country of origin to a country of destination and transit. Historical transformations in the course of mobility have significantly influenced governmental techniques and rationalities in the domain of migration, asylum, and citizenship regulations and laws.
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A debate over return migration: the case of Turkish guest workers in Germany
(2016-03) İçduygu, A.; Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
This chapter aims to provide an overview of the return migration of Turkish guest workers and their family members. While doing so, it also elaborates on the theoretical and conceptual discussions of the notion of return migration, and it discusses the empirical question of how return migration has evolved over time in the case of the guest-worker scheme between Turkey and Germany. There are several reasons that make it worthwhile to elaborate the case of Turkish guest workers in Europe in general (and in Germany in particular) in the context of the whole notion of return migration. First, it is a migratory system that has evolved from temporary migration to permanent settlement over the last five decades. Second, while this transformation has taken place, some migrants have returned home, but others have stayed abroad. Third, as this covers a period since the early 1960s, different generations are involved, including first-generation labor migrants as well as their Europe-born children, and even grandchildren. Finally, as this migration from Turkey includes various types of movements such as labor migration, family reunion, asylum seeking, and clandestine flows, return migration to Turkey also consequently consists of various types of returnees.
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From skill translation to devaluation: the de-qualification of migrants in Turkey
(Cambridge University Press, 2016-05) Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
Within the context of the transformation of Turkey from a country of emigration to an immigration and transit country, the migration scene is becoming more heterogeneous, with both the formal and informal labor markets being increasingly internationalized. This paper focuses on de-qualification, defined as migrants taking on jobs that do not match their skills, which is a neglected issue within the migration literature on Turkey with the potential for further research. Based on open-ended interviews and participant observation in İstanbul, the paper elaborates on the different instruments of de-qualification. De-qualification is considered here as an important element of precariousness in the labor market, with different mechanisms functioning simultaneously; namely, accreditation problems, a language disadvantage, lack of information, and identity-based discrimination.
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Regime change in contemporary turkey: politics, rights, mimesis
(Cambridge University Press, 2017) Sözen, Yunus; Polat, N.; International Relations; SÖZEN, Muhsin Yunus
N/A
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Turkey's position on IDP properties: lessons (not) learned
(Wiley, 2017-10) Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; SERT, Deniz
Three issues: security, economics and justice, are the keys to comprehending the essence of problems of property and IDP return in conflict settings. The case of Turkey presents an interesting framework for analysing issues related to IDP property, both in the context of the Kurdish issue in the Southeast of the country, and in Cyprus. Comparing the position of Turkey in these two settings, the article argues that, while it utilizes domestic mechanisms to avoid international pressures very well, especially by exhausting the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights to reinforce legitimacy of its policies, Turkey's position on the return of and/or compensation for IDP properties lacks transparency, disregarding principles of justice without respect for human rights.
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From competitive to multidirectional memory: a literary tool for comparison
(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Günay-Erkol, Çimen; Sert, Deniz Şenol; International Relations; Humanities and Social Sciences; ERKOL, Çimen Günay; SERT, Deniz
Recent research shows that Turkish society is very polarized and that different identities and ideological perspectives are in constant struggle with each other. In a multicultural society such as Turkey’s, the question of how to think about the relationship between different social groups’ histories of victimization becomes crucial. Following Michael Rothberg’s conceptualization of multi-directional memory – beyond competitive memory, this article presents an archive for comparative work through a data set of novels on the military coups in Turkey. The major argument here is that while these novels are promoting the idea of competitive memory as a zero-sum game, if it is looked at more closely, there are traces of multi-directionality, of ongoing negotiation, cross-referencing, and borrowing. Doing so, it is argued, would help to reframe justice in the society, where different victimizations are not competing with each other, but start to talk to each other. This article is an attempt to create a literary tool of comparison on different stories of victimization as a first step towards transitional justice in a polarized society.
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The political economy of coups d’etat: a general survey and a local theory for Turkey
(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Yağcı, Alper H.; International Relations; YAĞCI, Alper
This article surveys the political economy of coups in Turkey, examining both their economic causes and the economic consequences they seem to generate. It reminds that whether coups had a negative causal effect on Turkish economic growth remains to be compellingly shown. It highlights that military intervention attempts tend to follow already troublesome economic times: Before the 1960 and 1980 coups, 1971 and 2007 memoranda, as well as the failed coup attempts in 1962 and 2016, economic growth slowed down compared to a previous five-year period. This is in line with global trends about coups becoming likely following slower economic growth. Furthermore, students of Turkish politics have noticed a more specific economic policy-making pattern centering on currency devaluation during episodes preceding coups. This article discusses whether such a pattern may be taken as a ‘local theory’ of Turkish coups while discussing its limitations.

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