Browsing by Author "Yaprak, A."
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ArticlePublication Metadata only Indulgence and risk-taking behavior of firms: Direct and interactive influences(Elsevier, 2022-06) Alipour, Ali; Yaprak, A.; Business Administration; ALIPOUR, AliThis study examines the impact of Hofstede's indulgence vs restraint national culture dimension (IVR) on firms' risk-taking behavior. We argue that firms in more indulgent societies will show greater risk-taking behavior given their tendencies to be less rigid and their greater inclination for discounting risk-taking losses. We further argue that the buffers that slack resources provide against risk-taking losses and the positive expectations of potential gains from risk-taking provided by growth opportunities will further increase firms' risk-taking behavior when interacting with indulgence mechanisms. Our findings from a 37-country study support these arguments. They show that high indulgence does increase firms' risk-taking behavior and slack resources and growth opportunities intensify this causal effect. Tests of three-way interactions further reveal that the positive impact of indulgence on firms' risk-taking behavior is strongest when both slack resources are abundant and the growth opportunities are high. We extend current knowledge about culture's effect on firm behavior.ArticlePublication Metadata only National culture and firms’ cash holdings: The role of indulgence and its boundaries(Elsevier, 2024-02) Alipour, Ali; Yaprak, A.; Business Administration; ALIPOUR, AliWe examine the influence of indulgence vs restraint (IVR), an understudied national culture dimension of Hofstede's framework, on firms’ cash holdings to shed light on how culture influences this firm behavior and the boundaries of this effect. We argue that, when compared to their restrained-society counterparts, indulgent-society firms will hold higher cash levels due to their greater propensity for risky investments (precautionary motive) and their managers’ weaker moral constraints (agency motive). We also argue that firms’ leverage and risky investment levels will intensify, and firm size and countries’ shareholder protection levels will attenuate the positive effect of indulgence on firms’ cash holdings. The results of our HLM analyses on 16,997 firms across 39 countries verify our arguments and contribute to a more enhanced understanding of national culture's role in firms’ cash holdings.