PhD Dissertations

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    Energy and exergy efficiency analyses of high-performance buildings
    (2018-11-26) Al-Doury, Raaid Rashad Jassem; Mengüç, Mustafa Pınar; Mengüç, Mustafa Pınar; Kundakçıoğlu, Erhun; Başol, Altuğ Melik; Özyurt, T. O.; Çelik, S.; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Al-Doury, Raaid Rashad Jassem
    Reducing building energy density has become one of the global requirements to a decrease fuel consumption and emission production, and consequently making our world sustainable. The high value of energy consumed by buildings highlights the importance of the requirement to decrease building energy demand. The aim of this thesis is to analyze a well-designed existing building exegetically, exergo-economically and environmentally in order to determine the consequent effects of any options for improvement. In the first part of the study, the building was analyzed statically and dynamically (hourly) over a year for the heating season to specifically highlight the differences between them in addition to an accuracy estimation. In the second part, actual experimental processes for improvement that were applied to the buildings at different stages were investigated as well. For this study, the SCOLA Building at Ozyegin University Campus in Istanbul is considered. SCOLA was designed to be one of the least amounts of energy consuming buildings in Turkey. It includes 291 rooms with a floor area of 17,250 m2 and 6 floors. A natural gas boiler that produces hot water is used to heat the building with a distribution network and four fan coils. The hourly operational information about the heating system was recorded and used in tandem with the local weather data. The calculations were applied both in static and dynamic fashion, based on the recommendations from the facility management team. Improved pre-design tools were used to implement these details to the simulations. The simulations reveal that energy demand for the building can be as low as 1.38 MW and exergy is 1.34 MW at peak load, while their annual values are 8.9 GJ and 8.2 GJ, respectively. Based on the calculations, the specific heating demand at the building is found to be 25 W/m2 while the annual specific heating demand is 80 W/m2/yr (if heating is evenly distributed to the year; actual energy density for the building is determined to be 50 W/m2/year, considering summer months). The reduction in energy and exergy demand reaches 6% during working hours of the 21st January 2016, simultaneously reducing the cost and the CO2 emissions. The increase in exergetic cost coefficients reflect the reduction in the exergy efficiency of the heating system components based on the ambient temperature change. It is noted that a dynamic analysis using average monthly temperatures is preferred over a static analysis. However, if a simpler static analysis is to be used, an annual average temperature needs to be identified for a specific climate zone and building type. For Istanbul, an average temperature of 14oC is recommended for a static analysis. We also examine how different engineering implementation strategies, in addition to the original design, can improve the thermal performance of the building. Five different cases (scenarios) are investigated in addition to the original case which is considered to be the base case (1st case). The second is the use of a ground air heat exchanger, whereas the use of better insulation materials and the use of glass and roofs is the third case study representing the traditional approach. The use of solar PV-panels over the entire building constitute the fourth case, and the integration of a campus tri-generation system to the building energy modalities is considered as the fifth case. Applying all these processes to the building simultaneously is considered as the sixth scenario. All these changes have already been implemented in the building where the real time data are being collected. Performance simulations based on exergy, exergoeconomic, and environmental analyses are conducted and presented. Energy and exergy flow diagrams from all sources to the envelope for all cases are also outlined and conclusions are drawn. A Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) was constructed based on exergy analysis in order to achieve more accurate results. MACC analysis outlines the cost and carbon dioxide emission savings simultaneously. Its results help policymakers to employ the best potential option.