Competitive implications of software open-sourcing

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the economic trade-offs associated with open-sourcing, the business strategy of releasing free open-source versions of commercial software products. The effect of the release of open-source versions on the customers’ perception of products is an important determinant of open-sourcing outcomes. We model open-sourcing as a strategic option for firms that compete in the market for software products. Of particular importance in our model is the effect of open-sourcing on customer values and the possibility for better customization offered by the open-source products. We show that open-sourcing can arise as an equilibrium outcome in our simple two-stage game. If the enhancement of customer values from open-sourcing is moderate or high, firms may find it optimal to release open-source versions of their products.